Table 2:

serum markers in the healthy volunteers and patients

Serological concentration	Healthy (n = 8)	SIRS (n = 7)	Sepsis (n = 12)
TNF-α (pg/mL)	3.6 ± 0.4	13.7 ± 8*	15.5 ± 9*
IL-1β (pg/mL)	4.5 ± 0.1	28.8 ± 5*	26.5 ± 6*
IL-8 (pg/mL)	15.9 ± 8.4	70 ± 30*	61.8 ± 50*
IL-10 (pg/mL)	3.6 ± 0.1	20.6 ± 5*	54.5 ± 30*
IL-1Ra(pg/mL)	134.7 ± 60.4	2360 ± 220*	2353 ± 233*
LPS(EU/mL)	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-alpha; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.

Data represent mean ± standard error of the mean.

*P < 0.05 between SIRS or sepsis patients and healthy volunteers, Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test.

There were no significant differences in the cytokine or LPS concentrations between SIRS and sepsis patients.