Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants between no cognitive impairment and cognitive impairment group.
| Variable | Total(n = 308) | No cognitive impairment group (n=158) | Cognitive impairment group (n=150) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR)), year | 71 (66-75) | 70 (65-73) | 72 (66-76) | 0.001* |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 150 (48.7) | 73 (46.2) | 77 (51.3) | 0.368 |
| Education, median (IQR), year | 9 (6-12) | 9 (6-12) | 9 (6-12) | 0.038* |
| Body mass index, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 25.00 (23.05-27.33) | 25.40 (23.33-27.43) | 24.82 (22.90-27.15) | 0.196 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 42 (13.6) | 17 (10.8) | 25 (16.7) | 0.131 |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 31 (10.1) | 12 (7.6) | 19 (12.7) | 0.139 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 232 (75.3) | 116 (73.4) | 116 (77.3) | 0.426 |
| SBP, median (IQR), mmHg | 140 (130-153) | 138 (129-150) | 141 (130-157) | 0.077 |
| DBP, median (IQR), mmHg | 81 (75-89) | 81 (74-88) | 81 (75-90) | 0.300 |
| Duration of T2DM, median (IQR), year | 10 (5-17) | 10 (5-14) | 10 (4-20) | 0.560 |
| HbA1c, median (IQR), % | 7.2 (6.5-8.2) | 7.0 (6.5-7.8) | 7.5 (6.8-8.8) | < 0.001* |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 83 (26.9) | 42 (26.6) | 41 (27.3) | 0.882 |
| History of stroke | 132 (42.9) | 52 (32.9) | 80 (53.3) | < 0.001* |
| TC, median (IQR), mmol/L | 4.28 (3.56-5.09) | 4.25 (3.60-4.96) | 4.37 (3.49-5.18) | 0.771 |
| HDL, median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.05 (0.90-1.28) | 1.11 (0.95-1.31) | 1.01 (0.88-1.21) | 0.004 |
| LDL, median (IQR), mmol/L | 2.73 (2.17-3.42) | 2.72 (2.19-3.38) | 2.76 (2.11-3.46) | 0.642 |
| Uric acid, median (IQR), umol/L | 290.6 (233.5-349.3) | 274.4 (233.4-342.6) | 297.8 (233.9-354.3) | 0.339 |
| Serum tHcy, median (IQR), umol/L | 13.6 (11.0-16.5) | 12.9 (10.4-15.3) | 14.5 (11.7-17.8) | 0.001* |
| Medication | ||||
| Antiplatelet, n (%) Statin, n (%) Insulin, n (%) Metformin, n (%) DPP-4 inhibitors, n (%) GLP-1 receptor agonist, n (%) |
101 (32.8) 143 (46.4) 113 (36.7) 235 (76.3) 78 (25.3) 56 (18.2) |
47 (29.7) 78 (49.4) 49 (31.0) 129 (82.6) 34 (21.5) 30 (19.0) |
54 (36.0) 65 (43.3) 64 (42.7) 106 (70.7) 44 (29.3) 26 (17.3) |
0.243 0.289 0.034* 0.024* 0.115 0.707 |
| TyG index, mean (SD) | 8.99 ± 0.68 | 8.79 ± 0.57 | 9.20 ± 0.72 | < 0.001* |
| Total CSVD burden score | ||||
| 0, n (%) 1, n (%) 2, n (%) 3, n (%) 4, n (%) |
31 (19.6) 36 (22.8) 35 (22.2) 34 (21.5) 22 (13.9) |
6 (4.0) 14 (9.3) 33 (22.0) 54 (36.0) 43 (28.7) |
< 0.001* | |
*P <0.05. SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; tHcy, total homocysteine; DPP-4, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; TyG, triglyceride glucose; CSVD, cerebral small vessel disease.