Table 1. Vertical reference metrics for 38 elasmobranch species.
TS, time series; IQR, interquartile range. Mean skewness and percentage metrics are calculated from time-series data only. Maturity status (I, immature; M, mature; and U, unknown maturity status) was estimated on the basis of length measurements taken during tagging activities and assessed against published maturity lengths (table S1). Calculations of mean depth, median depth, and mean skewness were only available for species where time-series datasets were available. NA, not applicable.
| Species |
N (TS/ total) |
Maturity status I/M/U |
Mean data days ± SD |
Total data days |
Depth range (min-max) |
Mean max depth ± SD (m) |
Mean depth ± SD (m) |
Median depth |
Mean skewness ± SD |
| (IQR) (m) | (range) | ||||||||
| Pelagic thresher shark Alopias pelagicus |
6/6 | 6/0/0 | 76.3 ± 62.5 | 458 | 0–584 | 452 ± 159.9 | 115.3 ± 39.1 | 82 (42.4–177.3) |
0.94 ± 0.23 (0.54–1.2) |
| Bigeye thresher shark Alopias superciliosus |
3/3 | 0/1/2 | 48 ± 21.7 | 144 | 5–543 | 518.2 ± 24.3 | 219.9 ± 31 | 211.6 (84.3–342.5) |
0.22 ± 0.29 (−0.07–0.51) |
| Common thresher shark Alopias vulpinus |
0/8 | 1/2/5 | 68.5 ± 36.7 | 548 | 0–572 | 261 ± 191.6 | NA | NA | NA |
| Arctic skate Amblyraja hyperborea |
5/5 | 5/0/0 | 38.6 ± 20 | 193 | 317–1400 | 1306 ± 110.5 | 944.4 ± 155.8 | 952.3 (835.3–1061.5) |
0.02 ± 0.71 (−0.7–0.81) |
| Big skate Beringraja binoculata |
2/5 | 2/3/0 | 189 ± 106.3 |
945 | 1–500 | 377.8 ± 172.1 | 81.9 ± 62.2 | 81.8 (54.1–97.3) |
0.62 ± 0.15 (0.52–0.73) |
| Silvertip shark Carcharhinus albimarginatus |
7/11 | 8/2/1 | 93 ± 41.6 | 1023 | 0–792 | 441.4 ± 220.3 | 42.6 ± 3.8 | 41 (31.4–52) |
2.05 ± 1.02 (0.52–3.64) |
| Grey reef shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos |
5/5 | 0/5/0 | 25.2 ± 26.5 | 126 | 0–147 | 99.8 ± 28.5 | 27.5 ± 6.4 | 23.1 (13–42.1) |
0.53 ± 0.36 (0–0.86) |
| Bronze whaler shark Carcharhinus brachyurus |
7/7 | 1/6/0 | 126.1 ± 74.1 |
883 | 0–129 | 96.9 ± 26.3 | 25.9 ± 10 | 24 (10.5–37.6) |
0.6 ± 0.82 (−0.17–2.16) |
| Silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis |
32/37 | 32/2/3 | 51.2 ± 48.2 | 1893 | 0–1112 | 294.5 ± 187.2 | 41.2 ± 14.3 | 40 (22–57.5) |
0.75 ± 0.8 (−0.73–2.35) |
| Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas |
17/18 | 1/17/0 | 89.8 ± 67.4 | 1616 | 0–256 | 148.1 ± 66.5 | 24.7 ± 11.4 | 22.7 (12.9–33.7) |
0.97 ± 0.93 (−0.55–3.17) |
| Blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus |
5/10 | 0/10/0 | 63.4 ± 50.1 | 634 | 0–132 | 60.3 ± 47.9 | 11.1 ± 4.3 | 10.7 (5.5–14.5) |
0.76 ± 1.1 (−0.35–2.22) |
| Oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus |
19/22 | 12/5/5 | 88.6 ± 41.4 | 1950 | 0–659 | 253.2 ± 127.7 | 32.5 ± 6.8 | 25.4 (10.2–48.6) |
1.34 ± 0.56 (0.49–2.98) |
| Galapagos shark Carcharhinus galapagensis |
9/10 | 4/6/0 | 63.4 ± 40.7 | 634 | 0–528 | 317.4 ± 126.0 | 53.2 ± 7.2 | 53.2 (32.4–74.2) |
0.36 ± 0.74 (−0.89–1.58) |
| Caribbean reef shark Carcharhinus perezi |
10/10 | 0/10/0 | 118 ± 97.4 | 1180 | 0–697 | 311.4 ± 161.9 | 29.5 ± 11.7 | 26.9 (18.6–33.4) |
4.17 ± 2.26 (0.15–8.06) |
| White shark Carcharodon carcharias |
93/187 | 126/41/20 | 113.5 ± 80.2 |
21,220 | 0–1277 | 541.5 ± 339.5 | 48.9 ± 38.5 | 21.3 (6.4–61.9) |
2.49 ± 2.23 (−4.43–10.01) |
| Basking shark Cetorhinus maximus |
31/66 | 7/51/8 | 121.6 ± 77.9 |
8025 | 0–1504 | 782.6 ± 426.5 | 177.8 ± 140.1 | 123.9 (56.2–273.1) |
1.68 ± 1.74 (−0.79–6.36) |
| Tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier |
46/55 | 17/38/0 | 54.9 ± 45.9 |
3019 | 0–1275 | 519.7 ± 241.7 | 40.1 ± 19.9 | 26.5 (10–53.5) |
2.82 ± 1.75 (−0.17–8.85) |
| School shark Galeorhinus galeus |
16/17 | 0/17/0 | 78.4 ± 47.3 | 1332 | 0–696 | 234.4 ± 226.0 | 68.5 ± 46 | 56.6 (38–86.8) |
0.53 ± 1.03 (−1.32–2.82) |
| Bluntnose sixgill shark Hexanchus griseus |
2/2 | 2/0/0 | 201 ± 0 | 402 | 159–904 | 891.8 ± 16.6 | 449 ± 1.7 | 528 (267.5–590.8) |
−0.19 ± 0.01 (−0.2 - −0.18) |
| Lutz’s stingray Hypanus berthalutzae |
1/2 | 0/2/0 | 17.5 ± 14.8 | 35 | 0–78 | 51.8 ± 36.4 | 3.1 | 1 (0–2.5) |
4.94 |
| Shortfin mako shark Isurus oxyrinchus |
9/57 | 54/2/1 | 94.9 ± 44.5 | 5409 | 0–1888 | 481.1 ± 346.3 | 55.5 ± 33.9 | 42.4 (23.1–75.2) |
2.34 ± 1.67 (0.88–5.3) |
| Longfin mako shark Isurus paucus |
1/3 | 0/3/0 | 94.7 ± 30.9 | 284 | 0–1752 | 1482.7 ± 459.6 | 222.5 | 239 (77–340.5) |
0.21 |
| Salmon shark Lamna ditropis |
11/59 | 11/48/0 | 117.2 ± 68.3 |
6917 | 0–968 | 411.6 ± 193.6 | 49.6 ± 32.6 | 31.9 (10.4–71.9) |
2.19 ± 1.66 (0.73–6.27) |
| Porbeagle shark Lamna nasus |
42/64 | 48/16/0 | 128.5 ± 78.7 |
8224 | 0–1305 | 601.7 ± 312.9 | 93.2 ± 73.7 | 66.7 (23–138.4) |
1.71 ± 1.6 (−0.04–7.78) |
| Reef manta ray Mobula alfredi |
35/64 | 35/13/16 | 76.9 ± 52 | 4923 | 0–711 | 275.4 ± 161.2 | 25.2 ± 11.5 | 20.6 (8.6–38.1) |
1.3 ± 1.03 (−0.48–4.85) |
| Oceanic manta ray Mobula birostris |
11/11 | 1/7/3 | 57.7 ± 22.5 | 635 | 0–1246 | 442.5 ± 325.3 | 38.2 ± 21.4 | 31.5 (14–54.8) |
3.21 ± 3.47 (0.37–11.15) |
| Spinetail devil ray Mobula mobular |
1/14 | 14/0/0 | 40.4 ± 26.2 | 565 | 0–476 | 340 ± 105.2 | 11.7 | 1 (0–7.5) |
4.68 |
| Munk’s pygmy devil ray Mobula munkiana |
1/1 | 0/0/1 | 28 | 28 | 0–126 | 126 | 11.7 | 9 (5.5–15) |
2.79 |
| Sicklefin devil ray Mobula tarapacana |
5/6 | 5/1/0 | 48 ± 40 | 288 | 0–1637 | 1208.1 ± 547.2 | 89.6 ± 11.3 | 59.4 (26.8–107.6) |
3.96 ± 2.01 (1.48–6.8) |
| Starry smooth-hound Mustelus asterias |
7/7 | 5/2/0 | 129.3 ± 79.6 |
905 | 0–118 | 83.5 ± 35.9 | 30.5 ± 9.8 | 28 (18.4–43) |
0.26 ± 0.27 (−0.01–0.69) |
| Broadnose sevengill shark Notorynchus cepedianus |
2/5 | 0/5/0 | 71.4 ± 51.1 | 357 | 0–222 | 194.8 ± 38.5 | 40.2 ± 7.3 | 26.5 (20.5–55.5) |
1.52 ± 0.24 (1.35–1.68) |
| Blue shark Prionace glauca |
52/101 | 10/86/5 | 77.9 ± 50.8 | 7871 | 0–1792 | 702.6 ± 411.9 | 86.5 ± 34.2 | 51.8 (14.4–125.1) |
1.72 ± 0.85 (−0.05–4.32) |
| Common sawshark Pristiophorus cirratus |
3/3 | 0/3/0 | 14.7 ± 7.5 | 44 | 5–121 | 105.4 ± 17.6 | 79.7 ± 10.1 | 81.7 (63.8–95.1) |
−0.45 ± 0.27 (−0.73 - −0.21) |
| Pelagic stingray Pteroplatytrygon violacea |
1/1 | 0/1/0 | 58 | 58 | 3–428 | 428 | 104 | 100.5 (68–129) |
0.93 |
| Whale shark Rhincodon typus |
48/61 | 12/48/1 | 147.5 ± 161 |
8997 | 0–1896 | 1055.6 ± 537.2 | 40.8 ± 17 | 24 (6.8–51.1) |
5.02 ± 3.3 (0.14–16.24) |
| Greenland shark Somniosus microcephalus |
27/28 | 8/20/0 | 138.1 ± 126.7 |
3867 | 0–1547 | 969.2 ± 290.1 | 379.9 ± 155.8 | 379.7 (308.9–440.1) |
0.66 ± 1.06 (−1.15–3.48) |
| Scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini |
16/17 | 0/17/0 | 30.8 ± 42.8 | 523 | 0–971 | 555.3 ± 263.8 | 58.9 ± 33.8 | 43.3 (26.3–64.5) |
2.83 ± 1.77 (0.14–5.63) |
| Cuban dogfish Squalus cubensis |
1/1 | 0/1/0 | 14 | 14 | 324–710 | 710.1 | 463 | 441.1 (418.3–485.5) |
1.42 |