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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Hepatol. 2022 Apr 12;77(3):723–734. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.03.029

Fig. 3. Mechanotransduction-induced glycolysis promotes actin polymerization, which results in increased nuclear pore size.

Fig. 3.

A. Inhibition of glycolysis by 3PO (15μM) in human LSEC on plastic (10MPa) attenuated stress fiber (Phalloidin staining, red) and FA formation (Vinculin staining, green). Bar indicates 10μm. B. Immunostaining of FA isolates reveals decreased FA formation with 3PO treatment (15μM). Bar indicates 10μm. C. Quantification of actin polymerization with a decrease in F/G actin ratio upon inhibition of glycolysis with 15 μM 3PO (western blots on the left, quantification on the right, n=3, *p<0.05). D. Inhibition of glycolysis by 15 μM 3PO in human LSEC plated on glass coverslip (represents stiffness above gigapascals) decreased nuclear pore size visualized by electron microscopy on the left (TEM; example of 50 nm nuclear pore is shown en fasse). Quantification of nuclear pore size for cells treated with vehicle, 3PO and cytochalasin shows significant reduction in nuclear pore size with 3PO and cytochalasin (on the right). For each experiment, >30 pores per condition measured, experiments were run in biological triplicates (*p<0.05).