Fig. 7. Lenvatinib insignificantly affects the immune microenvironment in NPC in humanized NSG mice.

A Schematic diagram of the establishment of humanized NSG mice. B Representative FACS analysis of human CD45⁺ cells in mouse peripheral blood. Human CD45⁺ cell percentage greater than 25% was considered successful in modeling. C–E Tumor growth (C), tumor weights (D) were measured in vehicle-, anti-VEGF-, and lenvatinib-treated NPC tumors. The tumor inhibition ratio were calculated (E) (n = 3 samples per group). F Representative micrographs of Ki67⁺ proliferative cells and cleaved caspase-3⁺ apoptotic cells in vehicle-, anti-VEGF-, and lenvatinib-treated NPC tumors. Scale bar = 50 μm. Quantification of Ki67⁺, cleaved caspase-3⁺ signals, and PA index in vehicle-, anti-VEGF-, and lenvatinib-treated NPC tumors. (n = 8 random fields per group) G Representative micrographs of CD31⁺ microvessels and CA9⁺ hypoxic areas in vehicle-, anti-VEGF-, and lenvatinib-treated NPC tumors. Scale bar in upper panel = 100 μm, scale bar in lower panel = 50 μm. Quantification of CD31⁺ tumor vessel parameters and CA9⁺ signals in vehicle-, anti-VEGF-, and lenvatinib-treated NPC tumors (n = 8 random fields per group). H Quantification of hCD45⁺ hCD14⁺ population, hCD45⁺ hCD19⁺ population, hCD45⁺ hCD3⁺ population, and hCD45⁺ hCD56⁺ population in the NPC TME (n = 3 samples per group). I Quantification of mCD45⁺ mCD11b⁺ mF4/80⁺ population, mCD45⁺ mB220⁺ population, mCD45⁺ mCD3⁺ population, and mCD45⁺ mCD49b⁺ population in the NPC TME (n = 3 samples per group). **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. NS not significant. Data presented as mean ± SD.