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. 2022 Aug 19;11:256. doi: 10.1038/s41377-022-00946-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Steady-state upconversion spectra (980 nm excitation) of a core only and b core-shell UCNPs with different concentrations of Rose Bengal attached to their surface. Rose Bengal concentration-dependent integrated steady-state emission intensities from ²H_11/2 (), ⁴S_3/2 (), and ⁴F_9/2 () levels of Er³⁺ ions as well as sensitized emission intensity from RB () for c YbEr and d Yb@YbEr, respectively. RB concentration-dependent UC-LRET efficiency for e YbEr and f Yb@YbEr, respectively, were calculated from intensity changes of different donor emission bands in response to acceptor presence. Integrals are based on spectral ranges indicated in a, b

Inline graphic — Steady-state upconversion spectra (980 nm excitation) of a core only and b core-shell UCNPs with different concentrations of Rose Bengal attached to their surface. Rose Bengal concentration-dependent integrated steady-state emission intensities from ²H_11/2 (), ⁴S_3/2 (), and ⁴F_9/2 () levels of Er³⁺ ions as well as sensitized emission intensity from RB () for c YbEr and d Yb@YbEr, respectively. RB concentration-dependent UC-LRET efficiency for e YbEr and f Yb@YbEr, respectively, were calculated from intensity changes of different donor emission bands in response to acceptor presence. Integrals are based on spectral ranges indicated in a, b