Table 3.

Risk of dementia in valproate only users and lithium only users compared to nonusers according to the cumulative dose and days of prescription.

	N(event)	Unadjusted*	P value	Adjusted*,†	P value
By cumulative dose (DDD†)
Valproate only users
Low (< 23)	383 (34)	1.31 (0.88–1.96)	0.18	1.25 (0.84–1.87)	0.28
Mid (23–107)	396 (44)	2.03 (1.40–2.95)	< 0.01	1.98 (1.34–2.89)	< 0.01
high (≥ 107)	385 (52)	1.62 (1.14–2.31)	< 0.01	1.59 (1.12–2.27)	< 0.01
Lithium only users
Low (< 140)	206 (21)	1.34 (0.82–2.21)	0.24	1.31 (0.79–2.17)	0.29
Mid (140–665)	211 (24)	1.26 (0.79–2.01)	0.33	1.20 (0.75–1.93)	0.45
High (≥ 665)	204 (20)	1.10 (0.65–1.87)	0.72	1.12 (0.66–1.91)	0.67
By cumulative dose (in gram)
Valproate only users
Low (< 35)	383 (34)	1.31 (0.88–1.96)	0.18	1.25 (0.84–1.87)	0.28
Mid (35–161)	396 (44)	2.03 (1.40–2.95)	< 0.01	1.98 (1.34–2.89)	< 0.01
High (≥ 161)	385 (52)	1.62 (1.14–2.31)	< 0.01	1.59 (1.12–2.27)	< 0.01
Lithium only users
Low (< 23)	206 (21)	1.34 (0.82–2.21)	0.24	1.31 (0.79–2.17)	0.29
Mid (23–111)	211 (24)	1.26 (0.79–2.01)	0.33	1.20 (0.75–1.93)	0.45
High (≥ 111)	204 (20)	1.10 (0.65–1.87)	0.72	1.12 (0.66–1.91)	0.67
By days of prescription (days)
Valproate only users
Short (< 59)	380 (31)	1.21 (0.80–1.82)	0.37	1.15 (0.76–1.74)	0.52
Mid (59–244)	398 (46)	2.18 (1.50–3.15)	< 0.01	2.11 (1.45–3.07)	< 0.01
Long (≥ 244)	386 (53)	1.63 (1.15–2.30)	< 0.01	1.60 (1.13–2.26)	< 0.01
Lithium only users
Short (< 42)	203 (18)	1.19 (0.70–2.03)	0.51	1.14 (0.67–1.96)	0.63
Mid (42–183)	213 (23)	1.20 (0.75–1.92)	0.46	1.14 (0.71–1.85)	0.58
Long (≥ 183)	205 (24)	1.31 (0.80–2.14)	0.28	1.33 (0.81–2.18)	0.26

*Hazard ratio with 95% confidence intervals compared to the nonusers (number = 2378, event = 185).

^†Adjusted for diabetes, alcohol related disorder, and use of antiepileptics.

^†DDD = defined daily dose, 1 DDD = 1.5 g for valproate, 24 mmol for lithium.