Table 1.

Segmentation performance of Res32-PAC-UNet using different loss functions, indicating maximal performance with modified surface loss function.

Loss function	DC	IoU	Sensitivity	Specificity	SVD	VOE
Focal loss	0.898 (0.024)	0.815 (0.038)	0.95 (0.023)	0.998 (0.002)	0.102 (0.024)	0.185 (0.038)
Binary cross entropy	0.949 (0.016)	0.903 (0.028)	0.965 (0.028)	0.997 (0.001)	0.051 (0.016)	0.097 (0.028)
Modified surface loss	0.958 (0.015)	0.92 (0.026)	0.96 (0.026)	0.997 (0.001)	0.042 (0.015)	0.08 (0.026)

Significant values are in [bold].