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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2022 Feb 20;24(3):277–283. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.01.062

Table 1:

Characteristics of FFS Medicare Beneficiaries by AL Residence Certainty

Beneficiary Characteristics Medicare FFS Beneficiaries Assigned to AL Medicare FFS Beneficiaries Not Assigned to AL
Cohort A 1 address per zip9 Cohort C Zip9 with N addresses<=N beneficiaries Cohort A+C Combined Cohort D Zip9 with N addresses> N beneficiaries
All residents (FFS+MA) 306248 106475 412723 46980
 FFS residents 203185 70299 273484 28181
  Pct. total (not in MA) 66.3% 66.0% 66.2% 60.0%
Total number of ALs 9661 7021 16682 13222
 Pct. small AL 15% 42% 28% 89%
 Pct. large AL 85% 58% 72% 11%
Urban-rural location
Urban 86.2% 78.8% 84.3% 89.0%
Large rural city/town 7.9% 10.9% 8.7% 5.9%
Small or isolated rural town 5.1% 9.9% 6.4% 4.3%
Missing 0.7% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8%
Age- mean (SD) 84.5 (9.69) 77.5 (14.1) 82.7 (11.4) 69.5 (12.4)
Pct. <65 3.7% 15.2% 6.6% 17.9%
65–74 10.3% 25.0% 14.1% 57.6%
75–84 26.6% 21.9% 25.4% 12.7%
85–94 49.1% 30.2% 44.3% 9.6%
95 and over 10.2% 7.7% 9.6% 2.2%
Gender - female 67.5% 60.5% 65.7% 53.5%
Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White 93.1% 81.2% 90.1% 60.5%
Non-Hispanic Black 3.1% 9.8% 4.8% 15.3%
Hispanic 1.6% 5.0% 2.5% 10.8%
Other 2.2% 4.0% 2.6% 13.3%
Dual Eligibility 13.6% 45.0% 21.7% 23.0%
Chronic Conditions
ADRD 41.2% 49.8% 43.4% 18.5%
COPD 36.4% 41.7% 37.8% 19.4%
CHF 43.2% 44.0% 43.4% 18.8%
DIABETES 40.4% 48.2% 42.4% 29.8%
MOBILITY IMP 10.0% 13.7% 10.9% 6.3%
CHRONIC KIDNEY 47.6% 48.5% 47.8% 26.7%
ISCHEMIC HEART 63.2% 59.4% 62.2% 29.3%
RHEUMATOID/OSTEO ARTH 78.2% 67.6% 75.5% 37.1%
OBESITY 23.2% 28.5% 24.5% 20.1%
PVD 45.2% 48.5% 46.0% 18.8%
CATARACT 85.2% 69.0% 81.0% 35.0%
GLAUCOMA 34.4% 26.7% 32.4% 14.2%
OSTEOPOROSIS 42.1% 32.1% 39.5% 14.0%
ANEMIA 75.9% 73.8% 75.3% 38.5%
HYPERTENSION 90.3% 85.8% 89.1% 55.8%
HYPOTENSION 42.4% 39.4% 41.6% 19.9%
ATRIAL FIBRULATION 29.0% 22.1% 27.2% 8.7%
DRUG ABUSE 6.3% 12.7% 8.0% 7.8%
ASTHMA 18.8% 20.2% 19.1% 11.9%
CANCER 22.1% 16.0% 20.6% 8.9%
DEPRESSION 54.6% 64.2% 57.1% 33.3%
HIP FRACTURE 11.6% 10.5% 11.3% 3.5%
HYPERLIPIDEMIA 86.6% 79.2% 84.7% 52.2%
STROKE 28.9% 27.8% 28.6% 11.8%