Schisandrin A reduced high glucose-induced ferroptosis in model of DN. (a) cell viability, (b) LDH activity level, (c and d) cell apoptosis, (e) lipid ROS levels, (f) iron concentration, (g) proportions of PI positive cells, (h) GPX4 protein expression in vitro model, and (i) GPX4 protein expression in mice model. Control, sham control mice group; model, STZ-induced mice DN group; low/med/high, mice DN by treatment with 25/50/100 mg/kg of Schisandrin A group; control, control group; model, in vitro model group; low/med/high, in vitro model by 25/50/100 μM of Schisandrin A group; ##P < 0.01 versus control group; ∗∗P < 0.01 versus STZ-induced mice DN group or in vitro model group.