Table 1. Univariate Logistic Regression Analyses of Diabetic Retinopathy .

Variable	Wald Statistics	OR (95% CI)	P Value
Age	3.91	1.0 (0.992 to 1.01)	0.561
Sex, female	0.237	1.07 (0.813 to 1.41)	0.626
Diabetes duration	3.91	1.06 (1.0 to 1.11)	0.048*
Positive family history of DM	0.126	0.953 (0.733 to 1.24)	0.723
Use of antihypertensive drug	0.231	1.07 (0.819 to 1.39)	0.631
Use of statin	2.28	1.34 (0.918 to 1.94)	0.131
History of OHA use only	3.16	0.772 (0.581 to 1.03)	0.075
History of insulin use only	2.40	1.35 (0.924 to 1.97)	0.122
History of OHA and insulin	0.588	1.15 (0.806 to 1.64)	0.443
BMI (kg/m2)	0.166	1.01 (0.965 to 1.06)	0.683
Systolic blood pressure	0.556	1.01 (0.992 to 1.02)	0.456
Diastolic blood pressure	0.483	0.995 (0.980 to 1.01)	0.487
Fasting plasma glucose	0.155	1.0 (0.995 to 1.01)	0.693
HbA1c	6.16	1.28 (1.05 to 1.56)	0.013*
Total cholesterol	1.10	0.998 (0.995 to 1.0)	0.293
Triglycerides	0.542	1.0 (0.999 to 1.0)	0.462
LDL cholesterol	3.32	0.997 (0.993 to 1.0)	0.068
HDL cholesterol	0.001	1.0 (0.985 to 1.02)	0.978
VLDL	0.485	1.0 (0.993 to 1.01)	0.486
Blood urea nitrogen	0.173	0.992 (0.956 to 1.03)	0.677
Creatinine	0.894	0.705 (0.341 to 1.46)	0.344
ALT	2.21	1.01 (0.996 to 1.03)	0.138
AST	1.65	1.01 (0.995 to 1.03)	0.199
Alk.ph	0.088	1.0 (0.995 to 1.01)	0.766
FT3	0.372	0.937 (0.759 to 1.16)	0.542
FT4	0.059	0.936 (0.548 to 1.60)	0.808
TSH	14.98	1.13 (1.06 to 1.21)	<0.001*
SCH	14.20	2.33 (1.50 to 3.63)	<0.001*