Fig. 3.

The generation of intra-mitochondrial ROS and its consequences for the functioning of mitochondria.

ROS formed in mitochondria promote oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins, membranes and mtDNA. These damages result in the outflow of cytochrome C into the cytosol and consequent increase in apoptosis. Increased permeability of inner mitochondrial membrane enables the transport of many different small molecules. Mitochondrial ROS affect signal transmission processes, which may alter some cell functions. mtDNA - mitochondrial DNA.