∆ = (1-‘acceptable proportion of the effect size retained’) × (lower bound confidence interval) ∆ = (1–0.50) × 32.8 ∆ = 16.4* *A favourable result in the outcome is expressed as an increase in minutes therefore, our noninferiority margin is set as − 16.4 minutes, meaning that for Adapted PACE to be deemed noninferior it should not be any lower than 16.4 minutes than PACE.