Table 1.

Interactions between cytokines and different immune cells involved in immune responses

Immune cells	Function	Attracted by	Induced by	Produce
Th1-cells	Regulate cellular immunity, orchestrating expansion of cytotoxic T cells and ASC	CXCL-9–11, CCL3	IFN-γ, IL-12	IFN-y, IL-2, TNF-α, CXCL9-11
Th2-cells	Regulate humoral immunity, relevant in allergy	CCL1,8,17, 22	IL-4	IL4-6, 13, 25, 31, 33; CCL21
Th17-cells	Major role in neuroinflammatory disorders, can further shift towards Th1 or Th2 phenotype	CXCL-13, CCL22	TGF-β, IL-6, IL-23	IL-1β, 6, 8, 17A, 21-23,
Treg-cells	Regulate immune responses and immune tolerance	CCL1, CCL22	TGF-β, IL-2	IL-10, IL-35, TGF-β
B-cells	Regulate humoral immunity effectors	CXCL-10, CXCL-13	IL-1β, IL-6	IL-5, 10, 12, 14; TNF-β

ASC, antibody-secreting cells CCL, CC chemokine ligand; CXCL, C-X-C motif chemokine; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TGF, transforming growth factor; Th, T-helper cell; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; Treg, regulatory T cells.