Table 4.
Forward Transitions of MetS States by Different Factors: Univariate Models [Hazard Ratios (95% CI)]
| Variables | FMD→MMD | FMD→SMD | FMD→MetS | MMD→SMD | MMD→MetS | SMD→MetS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 1.26(0.94,1.68) | 1.08(0.75,1.56) | 0.67(0.39,1.15) | 1.02(0.83,1.24) | 1.01(0.79,1.30) | 0.95(0.80,1.12) |
| Age (year) | ||||||
| 55~64 | 1.03(0.75,1.41) | 1.02(0.67,1.54) | 1.35(0.76,2.39) | 1.01(0.80,1.26) | 1.23(0.92,1.63) | 0.98(0.81,1.19) |
| ≥65 | 1.05(0.71,1.56) | 1.15(0.70,1.89) | 0.67(0.27,1.65) | 0.98(0.75,1.29) | 1.04(0.74,1.48) | 1.02(0.82,1.26) |
| Marital status | 0.93(0.49,1.76) | 0.76(0.31,1.86) | 1.35(0.49,3.74) | 0.99(0.71,1.39) | 0.79(0.50,1.25) | 0.83(0.64,1.08) |
| Education | ||||||
| Primary school | 0.99(0.70,1.43) | 1.25(0.79,1.98) | 1.01(0.49,2.07) | 1.14(0.89,1.46) | 1.06(0.77,1.46) | 0.99(0.80,1.23) |
| Junior high school | 0.91(0.62,1.32) | 0.95(0.57,1.58) | 1.44(0.75,2.77) | 1.03(0.78,1.36) | 1.01(0.71,1.44) | 1.16(0.94,1.43) |
| ≥Senior high school | 0.72(0.40,1.28) | 1.57(0.88,2.79) | 0.89(0.31,2.57) | 0.93(0.64,1.35) | 1.37(0.92,2.05) | 1.07(0.80,1.42) |
| Exercise | ||||||
| Occasionally | 1.12(0.83,1.51) | 1.27(0.85,1.89) | 0.76(0.42,1.38) | 0.96(0.77,1.21) | 1.33(0.98,1.80) | 1.10(0.89,1.37) |
| Little | 0.76(0.45,1.25) | 1.33(0.76,2.32) | 1.07(0.49,2.35) | 0.99(0.75,1.30) | 1.91(1.37,2.65)* | 1.56(1.27,1.91)* |
| Sleep time(h) | ||||||
| 6–8 | 1.03(0.72,1.46) | 1.05(0.67,1.63) | 1.26(0.65,2.47) | 1.06(0.84,1.36) | 1.09(0.81,1.47) | 1.01(0.83,1.24) |
| ≥8 | 1.10(0.75,1.60) | 0.95(0.58,1.56) | 1.13(0.54,2.38) | 1.03(0.79,1.34) | 0.92(0.66,1.28) | 1.10(0.89,1.36) |
| Smoke | 1.13(0.84,1.51) | 1.16(0.80,1.70) | 0.60(0.32,1.13) | 1.00(0.81,1.24) | 1.40(1.08,1.80)* | 1.10(0.92,1.32) |
| Drink | 1.13(0.85,1.51) | 1.31(0.91,1.90) | 0.68(0.38,1.19) | 1.08(0.88,1.32) | 1.10(0.85,1.41) | 1.21(1.02,1.43)* |
| Depression | 0.91(0.67,1.22) | 0.74(0.50,1.10) | 1.33(0.77,2.28) | 1.05(0.86,1.29) | 0.97(0.75,1.26) | 1.00(0.85,1.19) |
| Functional loss | 0.69(0.48,0.99)* | 1.40(0.95,2.08) | 1.50(0.85,2.65) | 0.95(0.75,1.20) | 0.93(0.69,1.24) | 0.95(0.79,1.16) |
| Hyperuricemia | 1.19(0.67,2.09) | 1.89(1.04,3.44)* | 0.63(0.15,2.59) | 1.13(0.72,1.77) | 1.51 (0.92,2.46) | 1.22(0.90,1.66) |
| BMI level | ||||||
| Thin | 1.15(0.80,1.64) | 0.52(0.28,0.97)* | 1.04(0.52,2.08) | 0.78(0.55,1.10) | 0.68(0.41,1.10) | 0.67 (0.42,1.07) |
| Overweight/Obesity | 0.83(0.42,1.62) | 1.87(1.05,3.35)* | 0.63(0.15,2.61) | 0.96(0.74,1.24) | 1.79(1.36,2.36)* | 1.77(1.49,2.09)* |
| High LDL-C | 0.89(0.65,1.23) | 0.89(0.59,1.35) | 1.34(0.76,2.34) | 0.97(0.78,1.20) | 1.27 (0.98,1.63) | 1.18(1.01,1.40)* |
| High HbA1c | 0.96(0.43,2.16) | 0.52(0.13,2.10) | 1.14(0.28,4.68) | 1.17(0.72,1.90) | 0.95 (0.49,1.84) | 0.96 (0.64,1.44) |
| High TC | 0.73(0.45,1.19) | 1.13(0.67,1.92) | 1.42(0.69,2.90) | 0.85(0.63,1.16) | 0.90 (0.62,1.31) | 1.07 (0.87,1.30) |
| High CRP | 1.06(0.50,2.26) | 0.99(0.37,2.70) | 1.06(0.26,4.38) | 1.08(0.73,1.61) | 0.85 (0.49,1.46) | 1.11 (0.79,1.55) |
Note: *P < 0.05.
Abbreviations: FMD, free of metabolic disorder; MMD, mild metabolic disorder; SMD, severe metabolic disorder; MetS, metabolic syndrome; BMI, body Mass Index; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein; CI, confidence interval.