Table 5.
Backward Transitions of MetS States by Different Factors: Univariate Models [Hazard Ratios (95% CI)]
| Variables | MMD→FMD | SMD→FMD | SMD→MMD | MetS→FMD | MetS→MMD | MetS→SMD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.83(0.60,1.16) | 1.40(0.87,2.26) | 1.21(0.98,1.49) | 2.29(0.99,5.31) | 1.73(1.30,2.30)* | 1.32(1.11,1.58)* |
| Age (year) | ||||||
| 55~64 | 1.15(0.80,1.67) | 0.78(0.45,1.34) | 1.12(0.88,1.43) | 0.87(0.37,2.05) | 0.81(0.59,1.13) | 0.93(0.77,1.14) |
| ≥65 | 0.97(0.61,1.53) | 0.77(0.41,1.45) | 1.14(0.86,1.50) | 0.11(0.02,0.89)* | 0.89(0.63,1.27) | 0.94(0.76,1.17) |
| Marital status | 1.05(0.62,1.80) | 1.35(0.71,2.57) | 1.10(0.81,1.50) | 0.31(0.04,2.39) | 0.81(0.51,1.27) | 0.98(0.77,1.27) |
| Education | ||||||
| Primary school | 0.83(0.55,1.26) | 0.91(0.49,1.66) | 1.07(0.82,1.39) | 0.61(0.17,2.17) | 0.99(0.68,1.44) | 1.07(0.86,1.33) |
| Junior high school | 0.56(0.33,1.04) | 0.61(0.29,1.27) | 0.98(0.74,1.30) | 1.21(0.42,3.42) | 1.42(0.99,2.01) | 1.12(0.89,1.40) |
| ≥Senior high school | 0.64(0.33,1.23) | 1.29(0.62,2.69) | 0.88(0.60,1.31) | 1.04(0.23,4.64) | 1.26(0.77,2.06) | 1.16(0.86,1.56) |
| Exercise | ||||||
| Occasionally | 0.87(0.61,1.24) | 1.12(0.66,1.90) | 0.87(0.69,1.11) | 0.82(0.31,2.20) | 0.87(0.61,1.23) | 0.83(0.67,1.03) |
| Little | 0.58(0.34,0.96)* | 0.50(0.25,0.99)* | 0.54(0.41,0.72)* | 0.52(0.17,1.54) | 0.74(0.52,1.05) | 0.87(0.71,1.08) |
| Sleep time (h) | ||||||
| 6–8 | 0.55 (0.37,0.83) | 0.99(0.56,1.75) | 0.93(0.72,1.20) | 0.47(0.18,1.20) | 1.00(0.72,1.40) | 0.90(0.74,1.10) |
| ≥8 | 1.02(0.69,1.50) | 0.86(0.46,1.61) | 0.92(0.70,1.21) | 0.38(0.12,1.19) | 0.95(0.66,1.37) | 0.97(0.79,1.20) |
| Smoke | 0.69 (0.48,1.00) | 0.71(0.39,1.28) | 0.98(0.77,1.25) | 1.30(0.48,3.53) | 1.13(0.80,1.60) | 1.17(0.95,1.44) |
| Drink | 0.86(0.61,1.21) | 0.86(0.52,1.43) | 0.85(0.68,1.07) | 0.87(0.32,2.36) | 0.93(0.67,1.29) | 1.17(0.97,1.41) |
| Depression | 1.00(0.71,1.39) | 0.99(0.61,1.62) | 1.02(0.82,1.2) | 1.11(0.48,2.60) | 1.03(0.77,1.37) | 1.04(0.88,1.24) |
| Functional loss | 1.04(0.72,1.51) | 1.09(0.64,1.88) | 0.98(0.76,1.25) | 0.94(0.35,2.55) | 1.27(0.93,1.73) | 1.01(0.83,1.23) |
| Hyperuricemia | 1.04 (0.49,2.23) | 0.69 (0.22,2.18) | 0.67 (0.40,1.12) | 0.46 (0.06,3.48) | 0.70 (0.40,1.22) | 0.77 (0.56,1.06) |
| BMI level | ||||||
| Thin | 1.46(0.97,2.22)* | 2.21(1.20,4.08)* | 1.44(1.03,2.02)* | 2.03(0.26,15.62) | 1.29(0.57, 2.94) | 1.56(0.91, 2.69) |
| Overweight/Obesity | 0.17(0.07,0.41) | 0.14(0.06,0.35) | 0.40(0.31,0.53)* | 0.38(0.16,0.91)* | 0.35(0.26,0.47)* | 0.74(0.63,0.88)* |
| High LDL-C | 0.87(0.61,1.23) | 0.55(0.32,0.94)* | 0.87(0.70,1.08) | 0.50(0.20,1.28) | 0.80(0.60,1.07) | 0.89(0.75,1.06) |
| High HbA1c | 0.72(0.27,1.94) | 0.33(0.05,2.35) | 0.86(0.49,1.49) | 0.41(0.06,3.03) | 0.46(0.24,0.86)* | 0.42(0.29,0.63)* |
| High TC | 1.10 (0.70,1.74) | 0.96(0.53,1.76) | 0.93 (0.71,1.22) | 0.44 (0.13,1.47) | 0.91(0.66,1.26) | 0.90 (0.75,1.10) |
| High CRP | 0.49(0.20,1.19) | 1.81(0.82,3.98) | 1.05(0.67,1.63) | 1.96 (0.56,6.81) | 0.56 (0.30,1.06) | 0.77(0.56,1.07) |
Note: *P < 0.05.
Abbreviations: FMD, free of metabolic disorder; MMD, mild metabolic disorder; SMD, severe metabolic disorder; MetS, metabolic syndrome; BMI, body Mass Index; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein; CI, confidence interval.