Table 2.
Age- and sex-specific z-scores (Mean and SD) for physical fitness measures in participants with craniopharyngioma during a 5-year follow-up period
| Baseline (n = 84) | 6-months (n = 73) | 1 year (n = 76) | 2 years (n = 89) | 3 years (n = 91) | 4 years (n = 83) | 5 years (n = 81) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Anthropometrics | ||||||||||||||
| Waist to height ratio | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| Body mass index | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 0.8 |
| Cardiopulmonary fitness | ||||||||||||||
| Resting systolic blood pressurea | 0.9 | 5.9 | 1.5 | 5.9 | 2.3 | 4.7 | 1.1 | 4.6 | 1.1 | 4.7 | 0.8 | 4.6 | 1.1 | 4.2 |
| Resting heart rate | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.6 |
| Peak oxygen uptake | − 0.9 | 0.9 | − 0.8 | 1.0 | − 0.8 | 1.0 | − 0.8 | 0.9 | − 0.6 | 0.8 | − 0.5 | 0.9 | − 0.5 | 0.9 |
| Metabolism | ||||||||||||||
| Resting metabolic rate | − 0.6 | 0.7 | − 0.7 | 0.7 | − 0.6 | 0.8 | − 0.2 | 0.7 | − 0.5 | 0.7 | − 0.4 | 0.8 | − 0.4 | 0.8 |
| Flexibility | ||||||||||||||
| Sit and reach | -0.5 | 1.2 | -0.3 | 1.0 | -0.2 | 1.1 | -0.2 | 1.2 | -0.4 | 1.2 | -0.6 | 1.2 | -0.7 | 1.3 |
| Dorsiflexion ROM | 0.3 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.4 | -0.1 | 1.7 | -0.3 | 1.5 | -0.5 | 1.6 | -0.3 | 1.4 |
| Muscular strength | ||||||||||||||
| Hand grip strength | − 1.6 | 1.8 | − 1.9 | 1.8 | − 1.6 | 1.6 | − 1.4 | 1.8 | − 1.3 | 1.7 | − 1.4 | 2.0 | − 1.4 | 1.6 |
| Knee extension strength | − 2.1 | 1.0 | − 2.6 | 1.5 | − 2.6 | 1.3 | − 2.5 | 1.4 | − 2.7 | 1.4 | − 2.9 | 1.5 | − 2.9 | 1.4 |
| Balance | ||||||||||||||
| Sensory organization test | − 0.5 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 2.0 | − 0.1 | 2.0 | − 0.6 | 2.2 | − 1.0 | 2.0 | − 1.0 | 2.2 | − 1.2 | 2.7 |
| Adaptive physical function | ||||||||||||||
| BOT-SF standardized score | − 1.0 | 0.9 | − 0.9 | 1.0 | − 0.8 | 0.9 | − 1.0 | 0.9 | − 0.9 | 0.9 | − 1.0 | 1.1 | − 0.9 | 1.1 |
Some participants were removed from the model due to missing some or all tests at each time point: Baseline, (n = 10) < 4 years old; 6-months, (n = 8) < 4 years old, (n = 13) no scheduled visit; 1 year (n = 6) < 4 years old, (n = 11) no scheduled visit, (n = 1) no show; 2 years, (n = 1) < 4 years old, (n = 4) no scheduled visit; 3 years, (n = 2) no scheduled visit, (n = 1) no show; 4 years, (n = 9) no scheduled visit, (n = 1) off study, (n = 1) COVID-19 cancellation; 5 years, (n = 6) no scheduled visit, (n = 5) COVID-19 cancellation, (n = 1) no show, (n = 1) off study
BOT-SF Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency short form, n Number, ROM Range of motion, SD Standard deviation
aFour participants were taking blood pressure medications at the time of assessment and were well controlled