Table 3.
Percentage of participants with craniopharyngioma whose performance on physical fitness measures is 1.5 SD below (*or above) age- and sex-specific normative values during a 5-year follow-up period
| Baseline (n = 84) | 6-months (n = 73) | 1 year (n = 76) | 2 years (n = 89) | 3 years (n = 91) | 4 years (n = 83) | 5 years (n = 81) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | |
| Anthropometrics | ||||||||||||||
| Waist to height ratio* | 33.7 | (28.5, 38.9) | 43.1 | (37.4, 48.8) | 44.6 | (38.8, 50.4) | 40.4 | (34.8, 46.0) | 40 | (34.4, 45.6) | 49.4 | (43.5, 55.3) | 46.3 | (40.5, 52.1) |
| Body mass index* | 45.2 | (39.4, 51.0) | 63 | (57.5, 68.5) | 61.8 | (56.3, 67.3) | 56.2 | (50.4, 62.0) | 56 | (50.2, 61.8) | 65.1 | (59.8, 70.4) | 66.7 | (61.5, 71.9) |
| Cardiopulmonary fitness | ||||||||||||||
| Resting systolic blood pressure*a | 50 | (44.1, 55.9) | 49.3 | (43.4, 55.2) | 56.6 | (50.8, 62.4) | 41.6 | (35.9, 47.3) | 42.9 | (37.2, 48.6) | 39 | (33.4, 44.6) | 34.6 | (29.3, 39.9) |
| Resting heart rate* | 26.2 | (21.7, 30.7) | 24.7 | (20.3, 29.1) | 31.6 | (26.5, 36.7) | 31.5 | (26.4, 36.6) | 31.9 | (26.8, 37.0) | 39 | (33.4, 44.6) | 43.2 | (37.5, 48.9) |
| Peak oxygen uptake | 21.4 | (17.5, 25.3) | 26 | (21.5, 30.5) | 25 | (20.6, 29.4) | 27 | (22.4, 31.6) | 13.2 | (10.5, 15.9) | 14.5 | (11.6, 17.4) | 13.6 | (10.8, 16.4) |
| Metabolism | ||||||||||||||
| Resting metabolic rate | 8.3 | (6.5, 10.1) | 9.6 | (7.6, 11.6) | 10.5 | (8.3, 12.7) | 2.2 | (1.7, 2.7) | 7.7 | (6.0, 9.4) | 9.6 | (7.6, 11.6) | 7.4 | (5.8, 9.0) |
| Flexibility | ||||||||||||||
| Sit and reach | 17.9 | (14.5, 21.3) | 13.7 | (10.9, 16.5) | 11.8 | (9.4, 14.2) | 12.4 | (9.9, 14.9) | 16.5 | (13.3, 19.7) | 25.3 | (20.9, 29.7) | 22.2 | (18.2, 26.2) |
| Dorsiflexion ROM | 13.1 | (10.4, 15.8) | 9.6 | (7.6, 11.6) | 11.8 | (9.4, 14.2) | 23.6 | (19.4, 27.8) | 15.4 | (12.3, 18.5) | 26.5 | (21.9, 31.1) | 19.8 | (16.1, 23.5) |
| Muscular strength | ||||||||||||||
| Hand grip strength | 53.6 | (47.8, 59.4) | 54.8 | (49.0, 60.6) | 44.7 | (38.9, 50.5) | 44.9 | (39.1, 50.7) | 45.1 | (39.3, 50.9) | 51.8 | (46.0, 57.6) | 42.5 | (36.8, 48.2) |
| Knee extension strength | 54.2 | (48.4, 60.0) | 65.3 | (60.0, 70.6) | 69.3 | (64.3, 74.3) | 70.5 | (65.6, 75.4) | 72.5 | (67.8, 77.2) | 82.9 | (79.6, 86.2) | 81.3 | (77.7, 84.9) |
| Balance | ||||||||||||||
| Sensory organization test | 20.2 | (16.4, 24.0) | 19.2 | (15.6, 22.8) | 25 | (20.6, 29.4) | 30.3 | (25.4, 35.2) | 34.1 | (28.8, 39.4) | 38.6 | (33.0, 44.2) | 34.6 | (29.3, 39.9) |
| Adaptive physical function | ||||||||||||||
| BOT-SF standardized score | 29.8 | (24.9, 34.7) | 27.4 | (22.7, 32.1) | 28.9 | (24.1, 33.7) | 33.7 | (28.5, 38.9) | 30.8 | (25.8, 35.8) | 32.5 | (27.4, 37.6) | 25.9 | (21.4, 30.4) |
Some participants were removed from the model due to missing some or all tests at each time point: Baseline, (n = 10) < 4 years old; 6-months, (n = 8) < 4 years old, (n = 13) no scheduled visit; 1 year (n = 6) < 4 years old, (n = 11) no scheduled visit, (n = 1) no show; 2 years, (n = 1) < 4 years old, (n = 4) no scheduled visit; 3 years, (n = 2) no scheduled visit, (n = 1) no show; 4 years, (n = 9) no scheduled visit, (n = 1) off study, (n = 1) COVID-19 cancellation; 5 years, (n = 6) no scheduled visit, (n = 5) COVID-19 cancellation, (n = 1) no show, (n = 1) off study
BOT-SF Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency short form, CI Confidence interval, n Number, % cent, ROM Range of motion, SD Standard deviation
aFour participants were taking blood pressure medications at the time of assessment and were well controlled
*Above 1.5 SD