Table 4.
Percentage of participants with craniopharyngioma whose performance on physical fitness measures is 2.0 SD below (*or above) age- and sex-specific normative values during a 5-year follow-up period
| Baseline (n = 84) | 6-months (n = 73) | 1 year (n = 76) | 2 years (n = 89) | 3 years (n = 91) | 4 years (n = 83) | 5 years (n = 81) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | |
| Anthropometrics | ||||||||||||||
| Waist to height ratio* | 22.9 | (18.8, 27.0) | 34.7 | (29.4, 40.0) | 29.7 | (24.8, 34.6) | 27 | (22.4, 31.6) | 31.1 | (26.1, 36.1) | 33.7 | (28.5, 38.9) | 38.8 | (33.2, 44.4) |
| Body mass index* | 29.8 | (24.9, 34.7) | 37 | (31.5, 42.5) | 36.8 | (31.4, 42.2) | 30.3 | (25.4, 35.2) | 39.6 | (34.0, 45.2) | 39.8 | (34.2, 45.4) | 38.3 | (32.8, 43.8) |
| Cardiopulmonary fitness | ||||||||||||||
| Resting systolic blood pressure*a | 48.8 | (42.9, 54.7) | 46.6 | (40.8, 52.4) | 52.6 | (46.8, 58.4) | 38.2 | (32.7, 43.7) | 38.5 | (33.0, 44.0) | 32.9 | (27.7, 38.1) | 30.9 | (25.9, 35.9) |
| Resting heart rate* | 19 | (15.4, 22.6) | 20.5 | (16.7, 24.3) | 26.3 | (21.8, 30.8) | 24.7 | (20.3, 29.1) | 20.9 | (17.0, 24.8) | 32.9 | (27.7, 38.1) | 29.6 | (24.7, 34.5) |
| Peak oxygen uptake | 11.9 | (9.4, 14.4) | 17.8 | (14.4, 21.2) | 13.2 | (10.5, 15.9) | 18 | (14.5, 21.5) | 6.6 | (5.2, 8.0) | 9.6 | (7.6, 11.6) | 4.9 | (3.8, 6.0) |
| Metabolism | ||||||||||||||
| Resting metabolic rate | 3.6 | (2.8, 4.4) | 2.7 | (2.1, 3.3) | 5.3 | (4.1, 6.5) | 2.2 | (1.7, 2.7) | 6 | (4.7, 7.3) | 1.2 | (0.9, 1.5) | ||
| Flexibility | ||||||||||||||
| Sit and reach | 11.9 | (9.4, 14.4) | 6.8 | (5.3, 8.3) | 3.9 | (3.0, 4.8) | 5.6 | (4.4, 6.8) | 8.8 | (6.9, 10.7) | 12 | (9.5, 14.5) | 9.9 | (7.8, 12.0) |
| Dorsiflexion ROM | 7.1 | (5.6, 8.6) | 5.5 | (4.3, 6.7) | 6.6 | (5.2, 8.0) | 15.7 | (12.6, 18.8) | 8.8 | (6.9, 10.7) | 16.9 | (13.6, 20.2) | 12.3 | (9.8, 14.8) |
| Muscular strength | ||||||||||||||
| Hand grip strength | 40.5 | (34.9, 46.1) | 43.8 | (38.0, 49.6) | 35.5 | (30.1, 40.9) | 33.7 | (28.5, 38.9) | 28.6 | (23.8, 33.4) | 37.3 | (31.8, 42.8) | 37.5 | (32.0, 43.0) |
| Knee extension strength | 39.8 | (34.2, 45.4) | 52.8 | (47.0, 58.6) | 58.7 | (53.0, 64.4) | 52.3 | (46.5, 58.1) | 61.5 | (56.0, 67.0) | 73.2 | (68.6, 77.8) | 73.8 | (69.3, 78.3) |
| Balance | ||||||||||||||
| Sensory organization test | 14.3 | (11.4, 17.2) | 11 | (8.7, 13.3) | 19.7 | (16.0, 23.4) | 23.6 | (19.4, 27.8) | 26.4 | (21.8, 31.0) | 31.3 | (26.3, 36.3) | 25.9 | (21.4, 30.4) |
| Adaptive physical function | ||||||||||||||
| BOT-SF standardized score | 14.3 | (11.4, 17.2) | 12.3 | (9.8, 14.8) | 15.8 | (12.7, 18.9) | 13.5 | (10.8, 16.2) | 14.3 | (11.4, 17.2) | 18.1 | (14.6, 21.6) | 12.3 | (9.8, 14.8) |
Some participants were removed from the model due to missing some or all tests at each time point: Baseline, (n = 10) < 4 years old; 6-months, (n = 8) < 4 years old, (n = 13) no scheduled visit; 1 year (n = 6) < 4 years old, (n = 11) no scheduled visit, (n = 1) no show; 2 years, (n = 1) < 4 years old, (n = 4) no scheduled visit; 3 years, (n = 2) no scheduled visit, (n = 1) no show; 4 years, (n = 9) no scheduled visit, (n = 1) off study, (n = 1) COVID-19 cancellation; 5 years, (n = 6) no scheduled visit, (n = 5) COVID-19 cancellation, (n = 1) no show, (n = 1) off study
BOT-SF Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency short form, CI Confidence interval, n Number, % cent, ROM Range of motion, SD Standard deviation
aFour participants were taking blood pressure medications at the time of assessment and were well controlled
*Above 2.0 SD