Table 1.

Changes in expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in humans

Chemokine/receptor	Patient group	Medium	Change in expression	References
CX3CL1	AD patients	Hippocampus and frontal cortex	Decrease	Cho et al. 2011
	MCI and AD	CSF	Decrease	Perea et al. 2018
	Severe AD (Braak V-VI)	Hippocampus	Decrease	Strobel et al. 2015
	Early AD (Braak II-IV)	Hippocampus	Increase	Lastres-Becker et al. 2014
	Severe AD (Braak V-VI)	Hippocampus	Increase	Dworzak et al. 2015
CCL2	AD patients	Plasma and CSF Brain tissue Hippocampus Frontal and temporal cortex	Increase	Corrêa et al. 2011 Galimberti et al. 2006 Lee et al. 2018 Liao et al. 2016 Nordengen et al. 2019 Sokolova et al. 2009 Stuart and Baune 2014
CCL3	AD patients	Hippocampus Temporal and frontal regions of brain	Increase	Liao et al. 2016
		Peripheral blood	Decrease	Geppert et al. 2010
CCL5	AD patients	Plasma Brain microvessels	Decrease	Tripathy et al. 2010 Vacinova et al. 2021
		Peripheral blood	Decrease (mRNA)	Kester et al. 2011
CCR5	AD patients	Reactive microglia Lymphocytes T and B	Increase	Bakshi et al. 2011 Pellicanò et al. 2010
CXCL1	AD patients	Peripheral monocytes	Increase	Zhang et al. 2013
CXCL8	AD patients	Brain tissue Neurons around Aβ plaques Plasma CSF	Increase	Alsadany et al. 2013 Ashutosh et al. 2011 Corrêa et al. 2011 Galimberti et al. 2006 Sokolova et al. 2009
CXCR2	AD patients	Brain Peripheral T lymphocytes Microglia around Aβ plaques	Increase	Liu et al. 2010a Ryu et al. 2015 Xia et al. 1997
CXCL12	Early-stage AD patients	Plasma	Decrease	Laske et al. 2008 Sanfilippo et al. 2020
	AD patients	Brain
CXCR4	AD patients	Brain	Increase	Sanfilippo et al. 2020
CXCL10	AD patients	Brain Plasma	Increase	Lai et al. 2013 Lai et al. 2017 Xia et al. 2000
		CSF	Increase (mild AD) No change (severe AD)	Galimberti et al. 2006
			No change	Corrêa et al. 2011
CCR3	AD patients	Brain	Increase	Xia et al. 1998
CCL11	AD patients	Plasma	Increase	Choi et al. 2008