Table 5.
Memory Lapse Balancing Items in ESCAPE and EAS.
| Balancing items when no lapses reported | ESCAPE | EAS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reminder type—prospective lapses | N days a | Frequency of use (%) | N days b | Frequency of use (%) |
| List | 200 | 8.9 | 328 | 14.6 |
| Notes | 188 | 8.4 | 198 | 8.8 |
| Appointment book | 142 | 6.3 | 407 | 18.1 |
| Someone else | 50 | 2.2 | 31 | 1.4 |
| Rehearse | 245 | 10.9 | — | — |
| Familiar places | — | — | 189 | 8.4 |
| Smartphone alarm | — | — | 111 | 4.9 |
| Routine | — | — | 224 | 9.9 |
| Retrace steps | — | — | 35 | 1.6 |
| None | 1,700 | 75.6 | 934 | 41.4 |
| Two or more reminders | 186 | 8.3 | 382 | 16.9 |
| Likelihood of forgetting—Retrospective lapses | N days | M (Day SD ; Individual SD ) | N days | M (Day SD ; Individual SD ) |
| Likelihood of forgetting tomorrow (0–100) | 2,056 | 24.85 (23.28; 17.72) | 1,521 | 19.27 (20.36; 19.77) |
Note. ESCAPE = Effects of Stress on Cognitive Aging, Physiology, and Emotion; EAS = Einstein Aging Study.
a
Maximum number of responses for prospective lapse reminders in ESCAPE = 2,250. b Maximum number of responses for prospective lapse reminders in EAS = 2,254. For both prospective and retrospective items: questions were only asked if participants reported experiencing no memory lapses during the day.