Comparison 3. Diet plus exercise versus usual care.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Change in body weight (kg)	7		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 All studies	7	573	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.93 [‐2.96, ‐0.89]
2 % of women who returned to prepregnancy weight or lost weight retained after childbirth	3	258	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.00 [1.31, 3.05]
3 % of women who achieved healthy weight	3	99	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	4.41 [1.38, 14.13]
4 Change in % body fat	4		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
4.1 All studies	4	143	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.19 [‐3.52, ‐0.86]
5 Change in fat‐free mass (kg)	2	84	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.20 [‐0.67, 0.27]
6 Change in VO2max (mL/kg/minute)	2	63	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.76 [1.46, 6.07]
7 Change in basal plasma prolactin concentration (µg/mL)	1	43	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.40 [‐6.77, 13.57]
8 Change in milk volume (g/day)	1	45	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐33.0 [‐81.25, 15.25]
9 Percentage of partial or exclusive breastfeeding	1	161	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.31 [0.99, 1.74]
10 Infant length gain (cm)	1	40	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.5 [‐0.65, 1.65]
11 Infant weight gain (g)	1	40	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	64.0 [‐271.87, 399.87]