Fig. 13.

The figure shows the developed 3D model of S-glycoprotein and the emerging mutations. The major mutations are located within the RBD region, which might involve antibodies interaction area. (A) RBD mutations in Omicron located in antibody interaction region. (B) RBD mutations in VOIs located in antibody interaction region. (C) RBD mutations in VOIs located in the antibody interaction region. The 3D model of S-glycoprotein using PyMOL software and the emerging mutations for antibody interaction was depicted for the Omicron variant, other VOC, and VOI in the 3D model [46, 47]. For a 3D model generation, we used some PDB files (PDB ID: 6VXX)