Table 2.
A summary of some of the randomized controlled trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov underway or recruiting that are investigating the application of probiotics for the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19.
| Clinical Trial Identifier | Date Posted | Study Title | Location | Study Design | Intervention | Outcomes Measured | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT04366180 | 28-Apr-20 | Evaluation of the probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis K8 on COVID-19 prevention in healthcare workers | Granada, Spain | Randomized parallel assignment | Lactobacillus Coryniformis K8 | Incidence of infection by PCR or antigen test | Completed |
| NCT04390477 | 15-May-20 | Study to evaluate the effect of a probiotic in COVID-19 | Alicante, Spain | Randomized parallel assignment | Not disclosed | Percentage of patients admitted to ICU | Completed |
| NCT04399252 | 22-May-20 | Effect of Lactobacillus on the microbiome of household contacts exposed to COVID-19 | North Carolina, United States | Randomized parallel assignment | Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | Incidence of COVID symptoms during the study period | Completed |
| NCT04517422 | 18-Aug-20 | Efficacy of L. plantarum and P. acidilactici in adults with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 | Mexico City, Mexico | Randomized parallel assignment | Lactobacillus plantarum 30,292,7484 & 7485, & Pediococcusacidilactici | Severity progression, ICU duration & mortality ratio | Completed |
| NCT04621071 | 9-Nov-20 | Efficacy of probiotics in reducing duration and symptoms of COVID-19 (PROVID-19) | Quebec, Canada | Randomized parallel assignment | Not disclosed | Duration before symptoms disappear | Completed |
| NCT04666116 | 14-Dec-20 | Changes in viral load in COVID-19 after probiotics | Valencia, Spain | Randomized parallel assignment | Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus | Impact on viral load in COVID-19 infected patients | Recruiting |
| NCT04730284 | 29-Jan-21 | Evaluation of a synbiotic formula in patient with COVID-19 | Hong Kong | Single group assignment | Not disclosed | Changes in the gut microbiome measured at week 5 | Recruiting |
| NCT04734886 | 2-Feb-21 | The effect of probiotic supplementation on SARS-CoV-2 antibody response after COVID-19 | Sweden | Randomized parallel assignment | Lactobacillus reuteri | Specific antibodies in serum associated with SARS-CoV-2 | Completed |
| NCT04756466 | 16-Feb-21 | Effect of the consumption of a Lactobacillus strain on the incidence of COVID-19 in the elderly | La Coruña, Spain | Randomized parallel assignment | Lactobacillus | Incidence of infection by PCR or antigen test | Active, not recruiting |
| NCT04854941 | 22-Apr-21 | Efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of hospitalized patients with novel coronavirus infection | Moscow, Russia | Randomized parallel assignment | Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum Subsp. infantis &Bifidobacterium longum | Mortality of patients during hospitalization | Completed |
| NCT04877704 | 7-May-21 | Symprove (probiotic) as an add-on to COVID-19 management | London, United Kingdom | Randomized single group assignment | Multi -Strain Probiotic (Symprove) | Length of hospital stay | Not yet recruiting |
| NCT04884776 | 13-May-21 | Modulation of gut microbiota to enhance health and immunity | Hong Kong | Randomized parallel assignment | Probiotics blend (3 Bifidobacteria) | Percentage of patients achieving restoration of gut dysbiosis | Recruiting |
| NCT04907877 | 1-Jun-21 | Bifido- and Lactobacilli in symptomatic adult COVID-19 outpatients (ProCOVID) | Warsaw, Poland | Randomized parallel assignment | Mixture of bifido- and lactobacteria | Global symptom score | Not yet recruiting |
| NCT04937556 | 24-Jun-21 | Evaluation of a probiotic supplementation in the immune response of participants with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease). (PROVID) | Madrid, Spain | Randomized parallel assignment | Lactobacillus salivarius | Concentration of specific antibodies related to SARS-CoV-2 virus | Recruiting |
| NCT04979065 | 27-Jul-21 | Nutrition, immunity, and COVID-19 in obese people (NICO) | Jakarta, Indonesia | Phase 1: Cross-sectional Phase 2: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with two arms of intervention | Probiotics (Strain not disclosed) +Vitamin D | Zonulin & Vit D level, gut microbiome, inflammation markers, body mass index (BMI) | Not yet recruiting |
| NCT05043376 | 14-Sep-21 | Study to investigate the treatment benefits of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 | Lahore, Pakistan | Randomized parallel assignment | Streptococcus Salivarius K12 | Patients with clinical improvements | Recruiting |
| NCT05080244 | 15-Oct-21 | WHO COVID-19 - evaluation of the efficacy of probiotics to reduce the occurrence of long COVID (PROVID-LD) | Quebec, Canada | Randomized parallel assignment | Not disclosed | COVID-19 symptoms, anxiety, functioning difficulties 90 days after the diagnosis | Recruiting |