Table 3.

Association Between LFS and Quantitative Parameters at the Same Level, Adjusted for Age, Gender, and BMI

Independent Variable	P	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval
FJ tropism L4/5	0.003*	1.153	1.048–1.269
SAPA L4/5	<0.001*	1.113	1.088–1.139
Age	0.075
Gender (female)	0.065
BMI	0.185
FJ area L4/5	0.559
FJ orientation L4/5	0.106

Note: *Statistically significant at p < 0.05.

Abbreviations: LFS, lumbar foraminal stenosis; BMI, body mass index; FJ, facet joint; SAPA, superior articular process cross-sectional area.