TABLE 1.
The effects of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiac function in human studies.
| Subjects (n) | Dose and duration of sacubitril/valsartan | Findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with HFrEF (n = 99) | Target dose of 97/103 mg b.i.d. for median follow-up of 6.2 months | ↓ SBP, ↑ LVEF, ↑ VO2, ↓VE/VCO2 slope | Vitale et al. (2019) |
| Patients with HFrEF (n = 149) | 24/26, 49/51, 97/103 mg for 316 days mean duration | ↓ SBP, ↓ DBP, sPAP, ↑ LVEF | Morillas-Climent et al. (2019) |
| Patients with HFrEF (n = 654) | 24/26, 49/51 and 97/103 mg for 12 months | ↑ LVEF, ↓ LVEDV, ↓ LVESV, ↓ LAVI, ↓ E/e’ | Januzzi et al. (2019) |
| Patients with HFrEF (n = 192) | 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/day for 12 months | ↑ LVEF | Hsiao et al. (2020) |
| Cancer patients with HFrEF (n = 67) | Titrated to 200 mg b.i.d. for median follow up of 4.6 months | ↑ LVEF, ↓ LVEDV, ↓ LVESV | Martín-Garcia et al. (2020) |
| Patients with HFrEF (n = 90) | 97/103 mg b.i.d. for 6 months | ↑ LVEF, ↓ LVESV, and ↓ sPAP | Polito et al. (2020) |
| Patients with HFrEF (n = 69) | 24/26 or 49/51 mg b.i.d. for 12 months | ↓ LVEDV, ↓ LVESV, ↓ sPAP, ↓ MR | Villani et al. (2020) |
| Patients with advanced HF (n = 37) | Titrated to 97/103 mg b.i.d. for 12 months | ↑ VO2, ↓VE/VCO2 slope, ↓ SBP, E/e’, ↓ DBP | Cacciatore et al. (2020) |
| Patients with HFrEF (n = 163) | 24/26, 49/51, and 97/103 mg b.i.d. for 2 years | ↑ LVEF, ↓ LVEDV, ↓ LVESV, ↓ LAV, ↓ PCWP, ↑ TAPSE, ↑ peak systolic S wave, ↓ PASP, ↓ mPAP, ↑ RV-PA coupling | Masarone et al. (2020) |
| Patients with ST-elevation MI after pPCI (n = 79) | Not stated (titrated according to patient’s condition) for 6 months | ↑ LVEF | Zhang et al. (2021b) |
| ↓ infarct size | |||
| Patients with LV systolic dysfunction (n = 68) | Titrated to 97/103 mg b.i.d. for 24 weeks | ↑ LVEF, ↓ LVESV, ↓ wall motion sore index | Wang and Fu (2021) |
| Patients with HFrEF (n = 150) | 24/26, 49/51 or 97/103 mg b.i.d. for 6 months | ↓ NT-proBNP, ↓ mPAP, ↓ RV-MPI, ↑ LVEF, ↑ TAPSE, ↑ RV-FAC | Yenerçağ et al. (2021) |
| Patients with chronic heart failure (n = 35) | Titrated to 97/103 mg b.i.d. for 6 months | ↑ LVEF, ↓ global longitudinal strain, ↓ mechanical dispersion, ↑ myocardial constructive work, ↑ myocardial work index, ↑ myocardial work efficiency, ↓ LAV, ↓ RAV | Valentim Gonçalves et al. (2019); Valentim Gonçalves et al. (2020a) |
b.i.d., twice daily; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; E/e’, ratio peak early diastolic mitral velocity to mitral annulus early diastolic velocity; HFrEF, heart failure with ejection fraction; LAV, left atrial volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricle end diastolic volume, LVESV; left ventricle end systolic volume; mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure; MR, mitral regurgitation; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedges pressure; pPCI, primary percutaneous coronary intervention; RAV, right atrial volume; RV-FAC, right ventricle-functional area change; RV-MPI, right ventricle-myocardial performance index; RV-PA, right ventricle-pulmonary artery SBP, systolic blood pressure; sPAP, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; VE/VCO2, relationship between ventilation and CO2 production; ↓, decrease; ↑, increase.