TABLE 2.
The effects of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiac function in animal studies.
| Type of model | Treatment, dose, route of administration and duration | Findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Left anterior descending ligation-induced MI in rats | Post-treatment 60 mg/kg/day, orally for 4 weeks | ↓ LVESV, ↓ LVFS, ↑ diastolic wall strain, ↑ ESPV relationship, ↓ EDPV, ↑ preload recruitable stroke work, ↓ tau logistic, ↑ dP/dtmax | Kompa et al. (2018) |
| Balloon implantation-induced MI followed by reperfusion in rabbits | Post-treatment 10 mg/kg, orally for 10 weeks | ↑ LVEF | Torrado et al. (2018) |
| Isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy | Concurrent treatment 60 mg/kg/day, orally for 7 days | ↓ LVEDP, ↓ dP/dt | Miyoshi et al. (2019) |
| Spontaneously hypertensive rats | 60 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks | ↓ SBP, ↑ LVEF, ↑ LVFS | Zhao et al. (2019) |
| Aortic valve insufficiency (AVI)-induced HF in rats | Post-treatment 68 mg/kg/day, orally 8 weeks | ↑ total arterial compliance, ↑ LVEF, ↑ dP/dtmax, Ees of LV contractility | Maslov et al. (2019a) |
| Coronary artery ligation- induced MI in rats | Post-treatment 68 mg/kg/day, orally for 4 weeks | ↑ LVEF, ↓ LVESV, ↑ LVFS, ↓ VERP | Chang et al. (2019) |
| Spontaneous hypertensive rats | 300 mg/kg, orally for 2 weeks | ↑ DTE | Sung et al. (2020) |
| Coronary artery ligation-induced MI in rabbits | Post-treatment 60 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks | ↑ LVEF | Chang et al. (2020) |
| Aortic banding-induced cardiac pressure overload in rats | Post-treatment 68 mg/kg/day orally for 8 weeks | Improved diastolic dysfunction by restoring E/e’SR | Nordén et al. (2021) |
| Pulmonary hypertension-induced RV failure in rats | Post-treatment 60 mg/kg/day, orally for 5 weeks | ↓ RVSP, ↓ RVEDV, ↓ RVESV | Andersen et al. (2019) |
| Obesity-associated diastolic function in Zucker obese rats | 68 mg/kg/day, orally for 10 weeks | ↓ IVCT, ↓ IVRT, ↑ e’/a’ | Aroor et al. (2021) |
| Pulmonary hypertension-induced RV failure in rats | Post-treatment 68 mg/kg/d, orally for 21 days | ↓ RV maximum pressure, ↓ dP/dtmax, ↑ dP/dtmin | Sharifi Kia et al. (2020) |
| Ligated-induced MI in rats | Post-treatment 60 mg/kg, orally for 4 weeks | ↑ LVEF, ↑ LVFS, ↑ E/A, ↑ E’/A’ | Liu et al. (2021b) |
ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; BW, body weight; cTnT, cardiac troponin; E/e’SR, early mitral inflow velocity to global diastolic strain rate ratio; e’/a’, ratio of early and late septal wall velocity during diatole; ESPV, end-systolic pressure volume; EDPV, end-diastolic pressure volume; IVCT, isovolumic contraction time; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time; LVFS, left ventricular fractional shortening; HFrEF, heart failure with ejection fraction; HW, heart weight; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricle end systolic volume; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; dP/dt, the rate of rise and decline of left ventricular pressure; β-MHC, β-myosin heavy chain; MI, myocardial infarction; RV, right ventricle; RVEDV, right ventricular end-diastolic volume; RVESV, right ventricular end-systolic volume; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; VERP, ventricular effective refractory period; ↓, decrease; ↑, increase; ↔, no effect.