TABLE 4.
The effects of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiac structure and biomarkers of cardiac hypertrophy in animal studies.
| Models | Dose and duration of sacubitril/valsartan | Findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Left anterior descending ligation-induced MI in rats | Post-treatment 60 mg/kg/days, orally, 4 weeks | ↓ myocyte hypertrophy, ↓ LVPw, ↓ LV mass, ↓ ANP, ↓ β-MHC | Kompa et al. (2018) |
| Balloon implantation-induced MI followed by reperfusion in rabbits | Post-treatment 10 mg/kg, orally for 10 weeks | ↓ infarct size, ↓ cTnT, | Torrado et al. (2018) |
| Spontaneously hypertensive rats | 60 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks | ↓ HW/BW, ↓ LV posterior wall thickness, ↓ LV mass, | Zhao et al. (2019) |
| Coronary artery ligation- induced MI in rats | Post-treatment 68 mg/kg/day, orally for 4 weeks | ↓ HW, ↓ HW/BW, ↓ LVESD | Chang et al. (2019) |
| Spontaneous hypertensive rats | 300 mg/kg, orally for 2 weeks | ↓ RWT, ↓ IVRT, Improved cardiac geometry, ↓ NT-proBNP | Sung et al. (2020) |
| Aortic banding-induced HFpEF in rats | Post-treatment 68 mg/kg/day orally for 8 weeks | ↓ LV weight | Nordén et al. (2021) |
| Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice | Post-treatment 60 mg/kg/d, orally for 2 weeks | ↓ LV mass, ↓ IVSTd, ↓ LVPWd | Tashiro et al. (2020) |
| Salt-loaded hypertensive rats | Concurrent treatment 6 mg/kg, orally for 6 months. | Concurrent: ↓ VW/BW | Hamano et al. (2019) |
| Post-treatment 6 mg/kg, orally for 6 months | Post-treatment: ↔ VW/BW | ||
| Both types of treatment had no effect on echocardiographic findings | |||
| Pulmonary hypertension-induced RV failure in rats | 34 and 68 mg/kg/day, orally for 42 days | ↓ RV hypertrophy | Clements et al. (2019) |
| Pulmonary hypertension-induced RV failure in rats | Post-treatment 68 mg/kg/d, orally for 21 days | ↓ RVFW thickness | Sharifi Kia et al. (2020) |
| ↓ RV myofiber stiffness | |||
| ↓ RV longitudinal stiffness, ↓ RV circumferential stiffness | |||
| Ligated-induced MI in rats | Post-treatment 60 mg/kg, orally for 4 weeks | ↓ LV mass, ↓ LVEDD | Liu et al. (2021b) |
ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BW, body weight; CRP, C-reactive protein; cTnT, cardiac troponin; DTE, deceleration time of mitral E wave; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; hs-cTnT, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin; HW, heart weight; IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time; IVSTd, interventricular septum thickness diameter; β-MHC, β-myosin heavy chain; LV, left ventricle; LVDd, left ventricular internal dimension in diastole; LVEDD, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricle end-systolic diameter; LVPw, left ventricular posterior diastolic wall thickness; LVPWd, left ventricular posterior wall thickness diameter; NT-proBNP, N-terminal (NT)-pro hormone BNP; RV, right ventricle; RVFW, right ventricular free wall; RWT, relative wall thickness; VW/BW, ventricular weight to body weight ratio; ↓, decrease; ↑, increase; ↔, no effect.