Table 2.
Population characteristics of the included studies.
| Authors | Year Published | Study Location | Type of Study | Population | Intervention | Controls | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | Median Age (range) | Sex | Type of Cancer | Active Treatment | Type of Vaccine | Number of Dosage | Follow Up Duration | Subjects | Sample Size | Median Age (range) | Sex Proportion | ||||
| Parry et al. (23) | 2021 | Birmingham, United Kingdom | Cohort Prospective | 299 | 69 (63-74) | Male 53% (159/299) | CLL or SLL | On BTKi (60); On venetoclax (6) | Pfizer (154); AstraZeneca (145) | 2 doses | 14 weeks (2 weeks after 2nd dose) | Healthy local participants | 93 | Age-matched controls | N/A |
| Tzarfati et al. (24) | 2021 | Be’er Ya’akov, Israel | Cohort Prospective | 315 | 71 (61-78) | Male 56% (176/315) | Aggressive NHL (51); Indolent NHL (40); HL (16); MM (53); CLL (34); Acute leukemia (15); MDS (16); MPN (68); CML (22) | Chemotherapy (10); Chemoimmunotherapy (28); Anti-CD20 (2); Other MoAb (3); PI (6); IMIDs (12); BCR-ABL TKI (20); BCL2 inhibitor (4); JAK2 inhibitor (12); BTK inhibitor (5); PI/IMID/MoAb combination (20); others (40) | BNT162b2 | 2 doses | 60 days | Healthy local participants | 108 | 69 (58-74) | Male 44% (47/108) |
| Claudiani et al. (25) | 2021 | United Kingdom | Cohort Prospective | 54 | 51.2 | Males 51.9% (28/54) | CML in chronic phase, current treatment with TKI and in at least complete cytogenetic remission | TKI; 76% patients were receiving 2nd/3rd gen or newer TKI (dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, ponatinib, and asciminib) | BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (Oxford–AstraZeneca) vaccine 6–12 weeks apart | 2 doses | Up to day +49 +-7 after the second dose | Healthy Subjects | 29 | 42.2 | Male 62.1% (18/29) |
| Perry et al. (26) | 2021 | Tel Aviv, Israel | Cohort Prospective | 149 | 64 (20-92) | Male 59% (88/149) | B-cell NHL, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma + primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (69) and follicular lymphoma + marginal zone lymphoma (80) | Treatment naive (28), active treatment <6 mo from last anti CD20 therapy (39 combination R/Obi and 16 R monotherapy), completed treatment >6 mo (66) | BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine | 2 doses, 21 days apart | 14 to 21 days after the second dose (Serology tests) and 7 days after each of the 2 vaccine doses (AE) | Age-compatible, healthy volunteers, aged more than 18 years old | 65 | 66 (25-83) | Male 45% (29/65) |
| Herishanu et al. (27) | 2021 | Tel Aviv, Israel | Cohort Prospective | 167 | 71.0 (63.0 - 76.0) | Males 67.1% (112/167) | CLL or SLL | Naive (58), on therapy (75), off therapy in remission (24), off therapy in relapse (10); for treatment=BTKis ibrutinib or acalabrutinib (50), venetoclax +- anti-CD20 antibody (22), others (3) | BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine | 2 Doses | 2 to 3 weeks after administration of the second vaccine; 7 days after each vaccine dose (AE) | Age-matched AEs subjects | 52 | 68 | Matched with CLL cohort |
| Pimpinelli et al. (28) | 2021 | Rome, Italy | Cohort Prospective | 92 | MM cohort 73 (47-78); MPM cohort 70 (28-80) | MM male 54% (23/42); MPM male 52% (26/50) | 42 patients with MM and 50 with MPM (Philadelphia-negative MPN n = 30 and CML n = 20) | MM (Proteasome inhibitor based 9, daratumumab based 14, imids based 19); MPM (hydroxycarbamide 20, TKI 20, ruxolitinib 6, interferon alpha 2, anagrelide 2) | BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination | 2 doses 3 weeks apart | Up to 52 weeks from the first injection; 2 weeks after each injection (AE) | Elderly subjects aged over eighty not suffering from cancer | 36 | 81 (79-87) | Male 50% (18/36) |
| Avivi et al. (29) | 2021 | Tel Aviv, Israel | Cohort Prospective | 171 | MM cohort 70 (28-94); SMM cohort 72 (49-79) | MM Male 57% (90/159); SMM male 50% (6/12) | MM (active 159; 34 were newly diagnosed and 79% were relapse or refractory patients) and SMM (12) | Active MM (159)=IMIDs 90, PI 73, DARA 72, IMID+PI 31, PRIOR HSCT 96 (60%) with median time since HSCT=36 (20-56) months; SMM (12)=N/A | BNT162b2 mRNA COVID19 vaccines | 2 doses 21 days apart | 14-21 days after the second vaccine | Age-compatible healthy volunteers | 64 | 67 (41-84) | Male 42.1% (27/64) |
| Gavriatopoulou et al. (30) | 2021 | Athens, Greece | Cohort Prospective | 106 | 73 (64-81) | Male 43% (46/106) | Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia | Rituximab-ibrutinib (n=16), BTKi monotherapy (n=16), rituximab (n=1) | BNT162b2 (84.9%) and AZD1222 (15.1%) vs. BNT162b2 (82.1%) and AZD1222 (17.9%) | 1 for AZD1222, 2 for BNT162b2 | 50 days | Above 60 years old | 212 | 66 (62-82) | Male 46% (98/212) |
| Stampfer et al. (31) | 2021 | United States | Cohort Prospective | 103 | 68 (35-88) | Male 59% (61/103) | 96 with active MM and 7 with smoldering disease | Proteasome inhibitor (n=45), immunomodulatory agents (n-39), PI+IA (n=11), antibodies (n=19), alkylating agents (n=3), steroids (n=87) | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 | 2 dosages | baseline, 14-21 days post first and second dose | Healthy subjects were not known of immune status and therapy | 31 | 69 (39-86) | Male 38.7% (12/31) |
| Bergman et al. (32) | 2021 | Stockholm, Sweden | Open label, non-randomized prospective clinical trial | 90 | <65 years (n=28) | Male 67% (60/90) | CLL | Indolent untreated (30), ongoing treatment with ibrutinib (30), previous ibrutinib treatment now in off phase (10), previous treatment with anti CD20 mAb (20) | BNT162b2 | 2 dosages | 35 weeks after the second injection | Healthy individuals | 90 | <65 years (n=63) | Male 43.3% (39/90) |
| Monin et al. (33) | 2021 | London, United Kingdom | Cohort Prospective | 56 for hematological malignancies (151 in total) | 73 (64.5-79.5) | Male 52% (78/151); data for hematological malignancies only unavailable | Hematological (n=56); which included mature B-cell neoplasm (38/56), mature T-cell neoplasm (5/56), myeloid and acute leukemia (10/56) | Chemotherapy (n=2), targeted therapies (n=8), chemo/targeted therapies + immunotherapy (n=13), single agent MoAb (n=1), lenalidomide (n=1), radiotherapy (n=1) | BNT162b2 | 2 dosages | 12 weeks after the first injection | Healthy Individuals mostly health care workers | 54 | 40.5 (31.3-50) | Male 52% (28/54) |
| Malard et al. (34) | 2021 | Paris, France | Cohort Prospective | 195 | 68.9 (21.5-91.7) | Male 60% (117/195) | Lymphoid malignancies (n=136; including, MM, NHL, HL, CLL, ALL, MGUS) and myeloid malignancies (n=59; including AML, MS, MPN) | Proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, or steroids | BNT162b2 | first and two doses | Day 28 and day 42 after first injection | Healthy Individuals, mostly health workers | 30 | Not matched | N/A |
| Tvito et al. (35) | 2022 | Jerusalem, Israel | Cohort Prospective | 28 | 69 (54-94) | Male 71.4% (20/28) | Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma (8); Follicular lymphoma (14); Marginal zone lymphoma (6) | Anti-CD20 mAbs (or completed therapy if still with-in 6 months); including Rituximab monotherapy (3); Rituximab maintenance (12); Bendamustine-rituximab (3); Bendamustine-obinutuzumab (2); R-CHOP (8) | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 doses (12 weeks apart) | 72 days after first injection | Adult patients without NHL diagnosis (not specified) | 28 | 50 (27-75) | Male 21.4% (6/28) |
| Cavanna et al. (15) | 2022 | Piacenza, Italy | Cohort Prospective | 21 hematological malignancies (115 in total) | 73 (72-76) - for all samples (including solid tumor) | Male 44.35% (51/115) - for all samples (including solid tumor) | Hematological malignancies (not classified) | Chemotherapy; immunotherapy; Anti-CD20; hormone therapy; etc. (not specific for hematological malignancies) | BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) or the mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna) | 2 doses | 12 weeks (until 2nd dose) | Patients without malignancies, aged >70 years old | 58 | 71 (70-74) | Male 39.66% (23/58) |
| Marasco et al. (36) | 2022 | Italy | Cohort Prospective | 263 | 65 | Male 53.3% (140/263) | 59 patients (22·4%) had B-cell aggressive lymphoma, 111 (42·2%) B-cell indolent lymphoma or B-cell (CLL), 33 (12·6%) HL, 52 (19·8%) MM, and 8 (3%) T-cell lymphoma. | Chemotherapy (13.6%), Anti CD20 antibody plus chemotherapy (19.3%), IMIDs (9.9%), oral targeted therapy (8%), other therapies (13.4%) | mRNA-1273 n=243 (92.4%) and BNT162b2n=20 (7.6%). | two doses | 4 weeks after first vaccine, 2 weeks after second dose | healthy health care workers | 167 | Matched age and sex | |
CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; ALL, acute lymphocytic leukemia; SLL, small lymphocytic leukemia; BTKi, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors; HL, Hodgkin lymphoma; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; MM, multiple myeloma; SMM, smoldering multiple myeloma; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; MPN, myeloproliferative neoplasm; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; MoAb, monoclonal antibody; PI, protease inhibitors; IMIDs, immunomodulatory drugs; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitors; BCL, B-cell lymphoma; JAK, Janus kinase; R/Obi, rituximab/obinutuzumab; R, rituximab; AE, adverse effects; MPM, myeloproliferative malignancies; DARA, daratumumab; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; HC, healthy control; MGUS, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance; MS, multiple sclerosis; R-CHOP, rituximab cyclophosphamide hydroxydaunorubicin oncovin prednisone; N/A, not available.