Table 2.

Multinomial logistic regression analysis of trichoscopic findings in patients with dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis

Trichoscopic findings	DM versus SLEa			SSc versus SLEa			DM versus SSca
	OR	95% CI	p valueb	OR	95% CI	p valueb	OR	95% CI	p valueb
Hair shaft findings
Decrease in number	0.41	0.12–1.38	0.152	0.72	0.28–1.83	0.492	0.57	0.20–1.62	0.293
Decrease in diameter	0.06	0.01–0.72	0.027*	0.72	0.20–2.56	0.617	0.08	0.01–0.82	0.034
Hair shaft hypopigmentation	0.15	0.02–0.93	0.042*	0.04	0.01–0.33	0.003*	4.15	0.37–45.46	0.244
Follicular opening and dots
Black dots	1.06	0.08–13.48	0.963	0.28	0.01–4.97	0.385	3.80	0.31–45.79	0.294
White dots	0.82	0.27–2.47	0.730	2.28	0.91–5.64	0.076	0.36	0.13–0.99	0.049
Perifollicular and interfollicular scalp surface
Brown peripilar sign	5.10	0.31–82.88	0.252	0.41	0.01–9.36	0.577	12.40	0.19–129.10	0.035
Perifollicular red-brown pigmentation	20.61	1.71–249.16	0.017	0.78	0.03–16.08	0.872	26.41	2.68–259.86	0.005
Brown honeycomb pigmentation	0.59	0.15–2.24	0.442	0.96	0.30–2.96	0.938	0.62	0.17–2.15	0.452
Brown scattered pigmentation	0.10	0.01–1.71	0.112	0.05	0.01–0.66	0.023	2.01	0.10–40.73	0.648
Blue-gray speckled pigmentation	0.79	0.23–2.66	0.705	0.22	0.06–0.71	0.012	3.59	1.16–11.11	0.026
Salt and pepper appearance	0.34	0.01–13.18	0.561	0.50	0.02–10.11	0.650	0.68	0.05–8.53	0.764
White patches	1.04	0.05–20.94	0.979	25.73	3.02–218.98	0.003	0.04	0.01–0.35	0.004
Perifollicular scales	3.50	1.09–11.22	0.032	0.74	0.28–1.95	0.548	4.70	1.67–13.24	0.003
Interfollicular scales	2.23	0.69–7.13	0.176	0.51	0.17–1.46	0.213	4.35	1.46–12.94	0.008
Vascular findings
Dotted vessels	1.28	0.31–5.17	0.731	0.08	0.01–0.74	0.027	15.50	1.72–139.73	0.015
Thin arborizing vessels	0.54	0.02–12.12	0.701	0.16	0.01–1.74	0.131	3.49	0.35–33.97	0.282
Prominent arborizing vessels	0.33	0.10–1.05	0.063	0.57	0.23–1.38	0.215	0.58	0.20–1.66	0.311
Thick arborizing vessels	1.26	0.42–3.78	0.678	1.13	0.42–2.99	0.805	1.42	0.29–6.84	0.662
Microaneurysmal blood vessels	22.22	1.73–285.13	0.017	1.45	0.07–26.41	0.803	15.34	1.36–177.59	0.029
Polymorphic vessels forming a
telangiectatic network	3.32	0.15–69.23	0.439	12.83	1.35–121.98	0.026	0.26	0.02–2.28	0.224
Avascular areas	1.22	0.06–23.88	0.898	43.24	5.17–361.67	0.001	0.03	0.01–0.24	0.001

CI, confidence interval; DM, dermatomyositis; OR, odds ratio; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SSc, systemic sclerosis. Statistically significant at p < 0.05.

^aReference category of pairwise comparison.

^bAdjusted for age, sex, age of disease onset, and duration of disease.