Table 2.
Prevalence of coexistence of stunting, wasting and underweight among children under-5
| Factors | Survey year 2014 | Survey year 2017/18 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Prevalence (95% CI) | P values | Cramér's V | Number | Prevalence (95% CI) | P values | Cramér's V | |
| Mother's education | ||||||||
| No education | 84 | 7.8 (5.9, 10.2) | 0.0007 | 0.069 | 28 | 5.0 (3.3, 7.4) | < 0.001 | 0.070 |
| Primary | 120 | 5.6 (4.4, 7.0) | 73 | 3.6 (2.8, 4.6) | ||||
| Secondary | 143 | 4.5 (3.7, 5.5) | 96 | 2.6 (2.1, 3.2) | ||||
| Higher | 21 | 3.1 (1.9, 5.1) | 9 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.5) | ||||
| Mother's working status | ||||||||
| Currently not working | 246 | 4.6 (3.9, 5.4) | 0.001 | 0.043 | 106 | 2.3 (1.9, 2.9) | 0.012 | 0.027 |
| Currently working | 122 | 7.0 (5.5, 8.9) | 100 | 3.3 (2.7, 4.1) | ||||
| Mother's BMI | ||||||||
| Underweight | 144 | 8.4 (6.8, 10.4) | < 0.001 | 0.102 | 62 | 5.8 (4.5, 7.6) | < 0.001 | 0.075 |
| Normal | 190 | 5.0 (4.1, 6.0) | 112 | 2.5 (2.0, 3.0) | ||||
| Overweight | 34 | 2.2 (1.5, 3.2) | 32 | 1.7 (1.1, 2.5) | ||||
| Mother's religion | ||||||||
| Islam | 343 | 5.3 (4.6,6.1) | 0.466 | -0.013 | 187 | 2.8 (2.4,3.2) | 0.749 | 0.001 |
| Others | 25 | 4.3 (2.6,7.2) | 19 | 2.6 (1.6,4.0) | ||||
| Children's age (in months) | ||||||||
| 0–11 | 40 | 2.8 (2.0, 4.1) | 0.003 | 0.060 | 42 | 3.0 (2.2, 4.1) | 0.009 | 0.047 |
| 12–23 | 91 | 6.1 (4.6, 8.1) | 47 | 3.1 (2.3, 4.3) | ||||
| 24–35 | 72 | 5.1 (3.9, 6.7) | 47 | 3.5 (2.6, 4.8) | ||||
| 36–47 | 87 | 6.2 (4.9, 7.9) | 46 | 2.9 (2.2, 4.0) | ||||
| 48–59 | 78 | 5.8 (4.4, 7.6) | 24 | 1.4 (0.9, 2.2) | ||||
| Sex of child | ||||||||
| Male | 206 | 5.3 (4.4, 6.4) | 0.748 | -0.021 | 117 | 3.0 (2.5, 3.6) | 0.199 | -0.015 |
| Female | 162 | 5.1 (4.2, 6.1) | 89 | 2.5 (1.9, 3.1) | ||||
| Birth order | ||||||||
| First | 123 | 4.4 (3.5, 5.6) | 0.018 | 0.050 | 38 | 3.6 (2.5, 5.2) | 0.313 | 0.030 |
| Second | 96 | 4.8 (3.7, 6.2) | 31 | 2.5 (1.7, 3.6) | ||||
| Third | 67 | 5.7 (4.2, 7.5) | 61 | 2.4 (1.9, 3.1) | ||||
| Fourth and above | 82 | 7.5 (5.7, 9.7) | 76 | 2.8 (2.2, 3.7) | ||||
| Size of child at birth a | ||||||||
| Normal/average | 174 | 4.3 (3.5, 5.2) | 0.0001 | 0.078 | 26 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.3) | 0.002 | 0.048 |
| Small | 29 | 10.8 (6.9, 16.5) | 14 | 4.1 (2.3, 7.4) | ||||
| Not weighted | 77 | 3.1 (2.4, 3.9) | ||||||
| Age of household head (in years) | ||||||||
| 15–34 | 120 | 5.2 (4.2,6.4) | 0.202 | 0.041 | 77 | 3.1 (2.4,4.0) | 0.157 | 0.026 |
| 35–54 | 182 | 5.6 (4.7,6.8) | 80 | 2.6 (2.0,3.2) | ||||
| 55–74 | 61 | 4.9 (3.5,6.9) | 39 | 2.3 (1.6,3.2) | ||||
| 75 and above | 5 | 1.6 (0.5,5.2) | 10 | 4.9 (2.4,9.9) | ||||
| Sex of household head | ||||||||
| Male | 342 | 5.3 (4.6,6.1) | 0.413 | -0.020 | 190 | 2.9 (2.5,3.4) | 0.009 | -0.023 |
| Female | 26 | 4.4 (3.0,6.6) | 1.4 (0.8,2.4) | |||||
| Television watching | ||||||||
| Not at all/do not know | 191 | 6.6 (5.4, 8.0) | 0.001 | 0.056 | 88 | 3.0 (2.4, 3.7) | 0.006 | 0.039 |
| Less than once a week | 34 | 4.8 (3.2, 7.2) | 29 | 4.5 (3.0, 6.5) | ||||
| At least once a week | 143 | 4.1 (3.4, 5.0) | 89 | 2.3 (1.8, 2.9) | ||||
| Wealth index b | ||||||||
| Poorest | 132 | 8.3 (6.8, 10.2) | < 0.001 | 0.101 | 61 | 4.0 (3.1,5.1) | 0.0003 | 0.058 |
| Poorer | 82 | 6.2 (4.7, 8.1) | 53 | 3.2 (2.4, 4.3) | ||||
| Middle | 62 | 3.8 (2.8, 5.3) | 42 | 2.9 (2.1, 4.0) | ||||
| Richer | 58 | 4.3 (3.2, 5.8) | 32 | 2.2 (1.5, 3.3) | ||||
| Richest | 34 | 2.9 (2.0, 4.2) | 18 | 1.1 (0.7, 1.9) | ||||
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| Urban | 95 | 4.5 (3.5, 5.8) | 0.238 | 0.031 | 62 | 2.4 (1.9, 3.1) | 0.293 | 0.014 |
| Rural | 273 | 5.4 (4.6, 6.5) | 144 | 2.9 (2.4, 3.4) | ||||
| Total | 368 | 5.2 (4.5, 6.0) | 206 | 2.7 (2.4, 3.2) | ||||
a, children born with less than 2500 g were considered as small
b, an aggregated index based on household assets