Table 4.
Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine side effects.
| Factors |
Bivariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UOR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | Ref | <0.0001 | Ref | <0.0001 |
| Female | 0.27 (0.21–0.35) | 0.18 (0.11–0.32) | ||
| Age | ||||
| 12 to 29 years | Ref | Ref | ||
| 30 to 39 years | 0.8 (0.41–1.54) | 0.50 | 0.69 (0.27–1.74) | 0.43 |
| 40 to 49 years | 1.27 (0.71–2.28) | 0.82 | 1.84 (0.76–4.45) | 0.18 |
| 50 to 59 years | 1.93 (1.12–3.32) | 0.02 | 2.55 (1.04–6.24) | 0.04 |
| 60 or over | 3.82 (2.28–6.44) | 1.01 | 5.47 (2.14–13.97) | <0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | Ref | Ref | ||
| Married | 0.39 (0.3–0.5) | <0.001 | 1.17 (0.67–2.08) | 0.58 |
| Other(specify) | 0.25 (0.13–0.48) | <0.001 | 3.70 (1.30–10.51) | 0.014 |
| Education | ||||
| No formal education (Illiterate) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Primary completed (grade 5) | 1.55 (0.83–2.91) | 0.17 | 0.66 (0.28–1.6) | 0.36 |
| Higher secondary (grade 6–10) | 1.51 (0.84–2.70) | 1.39 | 0.54 (0.24–1.23) | 0.14 |
| SSC or equivalent completed (10th grade) | 2.19 (1.28–3.75) | 0.004 | 0.67 (0.30–1.46) | 0.31 |
| HSC or equivalent passed (12th grade) | 2.97 (1.78–4.95) | <0.001 | 0.29 (0.12–0.68) | 0.01 |
| Undergraduate (Hon's/MBBS/Degree/Techn | 6.30 (4.02–9.87) | <0.001 | 0.34 (0.14–0.81) | 0.01 |
| Graduate (Masters/PhD/MPhil) | 7.29 (4.5–11.85) | <0.001 | 0.32 (0.13–0.8) | 0.01 |
| Income | ||||
| 10,000–19,999 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 20,000–29,999 | 1.54 (1.08–2.19) | 0.02 | 0.72 (0.42–1.22) | 0.22 |
| 30,000–39,999 | 3.75 (2.39–5.9) | <0.001 | 1.31 (0.7–2.46) | 0.4 |
| 40,000–49,999 | 1.50 (0.91–2.48) | 0.11 | 0.31 (0.14–0.67) | 0.003 |
| 50,000–74,999 | 2.28 (1.28–4.09) | 0.01 | 1.01 (0.45–2.3) | 0.96 |
| 75,000 or over | 6.41 (3.28–12.52) | <0.001 | 2.11 (0.82–5.43) | 0.12 |
| Don't know | 0.5 (0.35–0.71) | <0.001 | 1.20 (0.69–2.09) | 0.51 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Small business (<5 employees) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Large business (5 or more employees) | 0.82 (0.34–1.99) | 0.67 | 0.89 (0.21–3.72) | 0.87 |
| Day laborer/Rickshaw/Van/Auto driver | 0.17 (0.1–0.31) | <0.001 | 0.42 (0.19–0.95) | 0.04 |
| Motor vehicle driver | 0.30 (0.08–1.13) | 0.08 | 0.25 (0.04–1.37) | 0.11 |
| Student | 1.11 (0.81–1.52) | 0.53 | 0.99 (0.52–1.87) | 0.97 |
| Housewife | 0.17 (0.12–0.25) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.51–1.97) | 0.99 |
| Unemployed | 0.57 (0.34–0.96) | 0.04 | 0.67 (0.31–1.46) | 0.32 |
| Retired/Disabled/Sick | 0.65 (0.37–1.12) | 0.07 | 1.41 (0.52–3.82) | 0.5 |
| Other | 0.42 (0.17–1.06) | 0.07 | 1.08 (0.32–3.63) | 0.9 |
| Religion | ||||
| Islam | Ref | Ref | ||
| Hinduism | 1.37 (0.86–2.20) | 0.19 | 1.30 (0.62–2.75) | 0.69 |
| Christianity | 6.86 (2.29–20.54) | 0.001 | 6.31 (0.996–40.01) | 0.05 |
| Region | ||||
| Urban | Ref | Ref | ||
| Rural | 0.09 (0.07–0.12) | 0.01 | 0.12 (0.08–0.19) | <0.001 |
| Name of the vaccine | ||||
| Sinopharm | Ref | Ref | ||
| OxfordAstraZeneca | 5.33 (3.56–7.98) | <0.001 | 4.51 (2.53–8.04) | <0.001 |
| Pfizer-BioNTech | 10.47 (6.03–18.19) | <0.001 | 5.37 (2.57–11.22) | <0.001 |
| Moderna | 7.1 (4.34–11.60) | <0.001 | 4.28 (2.28–8.05) | <0.001 |
| Sinovac | 0.68 (0.22–2.07) | 0.5 | 0.61 (0.15–2.50) | 0.5 |
| Don't know the name | 0.88 (0.51–1.51) | 0.64 | 1.62 (0.83–3.2) | 0.16 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 9.96 (7.47–13.26) | <0.001 | 3.6 (2.30–5.62) | <0.001 |
| Illicit substances | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 5.13 (2.88–9.13) | <0.001 | 1.46 (0.61–3.48) | 0.4 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 2.12 (1.41–3.20) | <0.001 | 2.16 (1.15–4.06) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension/High blood pressure | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.6 (0.65–1.01) | 0.06 | 0.32 (0.13–0.78) | 0.01 |
| Low blood pressure | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 2.69 (1.63–4.44) | <0.001 | 3.33 (1.53–7.26) | 0.002 |
| Obesity | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 2.9 (1.42–5.92) | 0.003 | 1.31 (0.44–3.91) | 0.63 |
| Severe allergic problems | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 5.23 (2.89–9.46) | <0.001 | 4.17 (1.66–10.49) | 0.002 |
| Chronic respiratory diseases (Pneumonia, Asthma, breathing issues) | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 2.91 (1.66–5.09) | <0.001 | 3.10 (1.32–7.30) | 0.01 |
| Anemia | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 7.54 (2.55–22.32) | <0.001 | 4.61 (1.11–19.16) | 0.04 |
UOR: Unadjusted Odds Ratio; AOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio; Ref: Reference group; CI: Confidence Interval.