Figure 2.

Specific mechanisms for different molecules in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of prostate cancer. These are novel targets of interest which have been highlighted through publications in recent years. Solid arrows represent upregulation of that cell’s expression or a specific function at the end of the arrow. Dashed arrows indicate inhibition of the cell or function at the end of the arrow. The color of the boxed molecules represents whether they are immunosuppressive (red) or an immune enhancer (green). Note that CD276 had co-stimulatory and inhibitory roles in the immune response. T-reg, regulatory T; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell; NK, natural killer; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; PCa, prostate cancer.