| CRM | confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy |
| IR | infrared (radiation, 760–3000 nm) |
| IR-A | infrared-A (radiation, 760–1440 nm) |
| IR-B | infrared-B (radiation, 1440–3000 nm) |
| MSRRS | multiple spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| Nrf2 | nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
| PPARs | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor |
| PXR | retinoid X receptor |
| RAR | retinoic acid receptor |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| RRS | resonance Raman spectroscopy |
| SC | stratum corneum |
| TEMPO | 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-yl-oxyl |
| UV | ultraviolet (radiation, 290–400 nm) |
| UV-A | ultraviolet-A (radiation, 320–400 nm) |
| UV-B | ultraviolet-B (radiation, 290–320 nm). |
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