Table 1.
Efficacy of FDA/EMA-approved vaccines to elicit anti-WT– versus mutRBD–specific Th1/Tc1 responses: multivariate analyses
| PEPorf | PEPwtRBD | PEPmutRBD | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | n | % | Multivariable estimate (95% CI) | P | Multivariable estimate (95% CI) | P | Multivariable estimate (95% CI) | P |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 259 | 70 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Male | 109 | 30 | −0.072 (−0.163–0.026) | 0.159 | −0.041 (−0.104–0.033) | 0.264 | −0.073 (−0.162–0.012) | 0.123 |
| Age (years) mean ± SEM | 43 ± 14 | 0.003 (−0.001–0.007) | 0.086 | 0 (−0.003–−0.002) | 0.878 | 0 (−0.003–0.004) | 0.831 | |
| Range (18–86) | ||||||||
| Sampling time (May 10, 2021–September 8, 2021) | 0.002 (0–0.005) | 0.049 | 0.001 (−0.001–0.003) | 0.551 | −0.001 (−0.003–0.001) | 0.433 | ||
| Range (days): (0–135) | ||||||||
| COVID history and vaccine rounds | ||||||||
| Pre-vacc | 103 | 24 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| No COVID-19 history; 1 round | 60 | 14 | 0.282 (0.173–0.395) | <0.001 | 0.118 (−0.006–0.247) | 0.068 | 0.044 (−0.034–0.121) | 0.291 |
| No COVID-19 history; 2 rounds | 195 | 45 | 0.442 (0.332–0.560) | <0.001 | 0.197 (0.098–0.292) | <0.001 | −0.016 (−0.116–0.08) | 0.751 |
| Convalescent; no round | 45 | 11 | 0.347 (0.207–0.502) | <0.001 | 0.087 (−0.039–0.234) | 0.185 | −0.064 (−0.183–0.044) | 0.257 |
| Convalescent; 1 round | 27 | 6 | 0.603 (0.422–0.766) | <0.001 | 0.175 (0.028–0.322) | 0.014 | 0.011 (−0.171–0.166) | 0.902 |
| Cancer-free | 259 | 70 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Cancer | 109 | 30 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Solid malignancies | 88 | 81a | 0.004 (−0.154–0.176) | 0.963 | −0.047 (−0.167–0.076) | 0.453 | 0.045 (−0.1–0.175) | 0.532 |
| Breast | 30 | 28a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gastrointestinal | 19 | 17a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Lung | 7 | 6a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Head and neck | 9 | 8a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| neurologic tumor | 1 | 1a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Melanoma | 7 | 6a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gynecologic | 7 | 6a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Genitourinary | 5 | 5a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sarcoma | 1 | 1a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Thymus | 1 | 1a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Unknownb | 1 | 1a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hematologic malignancies | 21 | 19a | −0.361 (−0.594–−0.124) | 0.002 | −0.172 (−0.312–−0.024) | 0.025 | −0.038 (−0.212–0.138) | 0.681 |
| B-cell malignancies | 12 | 11a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Myeloid malignancies | 4 | 4a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Multiple myeloma | 4 | 4a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Others | 1 | 1a | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tumor stage | ||||||||
| Localized | 13 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Locally advanced | 21 | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Metastatic | 70 | 64 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Unknown | 5 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Therapies | ||||||||
| Not treated | 22 | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chemotherapy | 42 | 39 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hormonotherapy | 4 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Immunotherapy | 21 | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Radiotherapy/radiofrequency | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Targeted therapy | 33 | 30 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ECOG performance status | ||||||||
| 0–1 | 102 | 94 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ≥2 | 7 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; Pre-vacc, prevaccination.
aPercentages in cancer group (n = 109).
bCancer diagnostic phase.