Table 5.
Nanotechnology-based materials for the control and treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
| Nanomaterials | Mode of Action | Antibiofilm Devices |
References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organic NPs | PEG stabilized lipid NPs, Quaternary ammonium chitosan NPs |
Disrupt the biofilms by inducing ion-exchange via penetrating the cell membrane | Bones, Dental cements |
[79] |
| Inorganic NPs | Au NPs Ag NPs |
Positive surface-charge damages the EPS network. Interaction of Ag ions with bacterial sulfhydryl groups disrupts the integrity of cell membranes, enzymatic activities, cell proliferation, etc. |
Catheters | [247,248] |
| Metallic nanocomposites | Zn-CuO nanocoating, Ti-implant surfaces with ZnO NPs |
Released Ag ions inhibit biofilm formation. Direct contact |
Contact lenses, Dental implants |
[249,250] |