Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of included participants with CKD according to the median triglycerides–glucose index value
| Overall (n = 1142) | TyG < 8.63 (n = 571) | TyG ≥ 8.63 (n = 571) | Pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (women, %) | 458 (40) | 257 (45) | 201 (35) | 0.001 |
| Age (years) | 59 ± 12 | 58 ± 13 | 59 ± 11 | 0.498 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28 ± 5 | 28 ± 5 | 29 ± 5 | <0.001 |
| Smoking habits (n, %) Non-smoker Former smoker Current smoker |
551 (48) 409 (36) 222 (19) |
279 (49) 206 (36) 86 (15) |
232 (41) 203 (36) 136 (24) |
<0.001 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 1096 (96) | 540 (95) | 556 (97) | 0.023 |
| Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 765 (67) | 331 (58) | 434 (76) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 31 (20–44) | 31 (20–44) | 31 (20–43) | 0.912 |
| uACR (mg/g) (n = 670) | 91 (11–392) | 66 (10–300) | 118 (12–466) | 0.041 |
| CKD G category (n, %): 2 3a 3b 4 5 |
16 (1) 242 (21) 343 (30) 384 (34) 157 (14) |
12 (2) 118 (21) 173 (30) 180 (32) 88 (15) |
4 (1) 124 (22) 170 (30) 204 (35) 69 (12) |
0.093 |
| CKD aetiology (n, %) Glomerular Hypertensive Tubulointerstitial Hereditary Unknown Other |
219 (19) 286 (25) 161 (14) 144 (13) 139 (12) 193 (17) |
106 (20) 121 (21) 93 (16) 82 (14) 77 (13) 92 (16) |
113 (20) 165 (29) 68 (12) 62 (11) 62 (11) 101 (17) |
0.008 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 185 (162–211) | 176 (157–200) | 192 (168–217) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 107 (88–129) | 104 (85–124) | 111 (90–134) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 50 (41–61) | 54 (46–66) | 45 (37–53) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 118 (163–89) | 89 (73–104) | 162 (137–202) | <0.001 |
| ASb (n, %) AS = 0 AS = 1 AS = 2 AS = 3 |
170 (20) 127 (14) 547 (63) 30 (3) |
99 (23) 65 (15) 258 (59) 13 (3) |
71 (16) 62 (14) 289 (66) 17 (4) |
0.073 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 94 (87–102) | 91 (85–99) | 97 (90–105) | <0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering therapies (n, %) Statins Ezetimibe Fibrates |
686 (60) 51 (5) 58 (5) |
314 (55) 17 (3) 14 (3) |
372 (65) 34 (6) 44 (8) |
<0.0010.021<0.001 |
| Hb1Ac (%) | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 0.009 |
| TyG index | 8.63 (8.32–8.95) | 8.32 (8.11–8.48) | 8.95 (8.78–9.19) | <0.001 |
Data are displayed as mean ± standard deviation or median (IQR).
TyG: triglycerides–glucose index; BMI: body mass index; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; uACR: urinary albumin–creatinine ratio; CKD: chronic kidney disease; Hb1Ac: glycated haemoglobin; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AS: atherosclerotic score.
a P-value for the comparison between patients with CKD according to TyG median.
bBased on carotid ultrasound and ankle-brachial index.