Figure 3.

Formula feeding (FF) mouse pups exhibit higher infiltration of inflammatory cells and expression of inflammatory mediators than dam feeding (DF) pups after anti-CD3 mAb treatment. Mouse pups [postnatal day (P)0] from multiple litters were subjected to DF and FF for 3 days. On P2, all mice were treated with anti-CD3 mAb (10 mg/kg sc) or isotype IgG (control). Pups were euthanized at P3. A: ileum tissue was processed for multiple-color FACS to profile infiltrating inflammatory cells. Live CD45⁺ cells were characterized for immune cell phenotypes. The FACS gating strategy is shown in Supplemental Fig. S8 (see https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19658460). Data are presented as means ± SD; n = 6 in each group. Data represent 2 independent experiments and were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA with Tukey posttest. ILCs, innate lymphocyte cells. B: expression of indicated cytokines and chemokines in the ileum by RT-qPCR. PCR reactions were run in duplicate for each sample. Data are presented as means ± SD; n = 6 in each group. Data represent 3 independent experiments and were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA with Tukey posttest. *P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.