Table 3.
Bivariate and multivariable generalized estimating equations models assessing change in child mental health and sleep from before COVID-19 to May 2020 (N=392)
| Model 1: Child sad/depressed | Model 2: Child anxious or afraid | Model 3: Child has trouble sleeping | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| OR | aOR | OR | aOR | OR | aOR | |
| Child & parent demographics | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Child age (0–4 years) | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
|
| ||||||
| 5–11 | 2.61 (1.28–5.30) | 3.00 (1.46–6.15) | 3.16 (1.37–7.25) | 2.96 (1.24–7.01) | 1.57 (0.75–3.26) | 1.43 (0.62–3.30) |
|
| ||||||
| 12–14 | 2.39 (1.03–5.51) | 2.72 (1.07–6.89) | 1.70 (0.53–5.46) | 2.20 (0.73–6.63) | 1.07 (0.34–3.36) | 0.87 (0.25–2.96) |
|
| ||||||
| 15–17 | 2.11 (0.74–5.96) | 2.64 (0.90–7.68) | 0.88 (0.14–5.49) | 1.66 (0.50–5.52) | 1.30 (0.42–4.07) | 1.53 (0.49–4.79) |
|
| ||||||
| Child sex (Male) | 1.23 (0.77–1.94) | -- | 1.28 (0.77–2.12) | -- | 0.87 (0.51–1.55) | -- |
|
| ||||||
| Parent sex (Female) | 1.16 (0.62–2.20) | -- | 0.83 (0.42–1.64) | -- | 1.19 (0.56–2.53) | -- |
|
| ||||||
| Parent race (White) | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
|
| ||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.82 (0.26–2.61) | -- | 1.10 (0.34–3.51) | -- | 1.04 (0.27–3.80) | -- |
|
| ||||||
| Asian | 0.64 (0.21–1.90) | -- | 0.88 (0.24–3.26) | -- | 1.36 (0.43–4.35) | -- |
|
| ||||||
| Other | 1.83 (0.53–6.29) | -- | 2.15 (0.63–7.41) | -- | 0.95 (0.20–4.54) | -- |
|
| ||||||
| Parent > High school edu. | 4.12 (0.88–19.24) | 2.04 (0.41–10.12) | 4.90 (0.92–26.02) | 3.60 (0.78–16.60) | 2.28 (0.62–8.41) | 1.67 (0.46– 6.04) |
|
| ||||||
| Government assistance | 0.60 (0.30–1.18) | 0.39 (0.18–0.82) | 0.82 (0.41–1.65) | 0.51 (0.22–1.20) | 1.18 (0.57–2.46) | 0.66 (0.30–1.44) |
|
| ||||||
| Family Context | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Household discord | 1.51 (0.81–2.79) | 1.01 (0.53–1.91) | 1.69 (0.86–3.31) | 0.88 (0.41–1.89) | 2.58 (1.15–5.80) | 1.74 (0.75–4.01) |
|
| ||||||
| Parent depression | 2.96 (1.62–5.39) | 2.61 (1.35–5.04) | 2.91 (1.50–5.62) | 2.54 (1.16–5.56) | 4.69 (2.23–9.88) | 3.14 (1.42–6.95) |
|
| ||||||
| Severity of COVID-19 Exposure | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Live in high-risk state | 0.81 (0.40–1.66) | -- | 1.37 (0.67–2.82) | -- | 0.54 (0.21–1.40) | -- |
|
| ||||||
| Parent works outside home | 0.54 (0.26–1.12) | 0.71 (0.32–1.58) | 0.65 (0.30–1.42) | 0.93 (0.39–2.21) | 0.72 (0.31–1.68) | 1.17 (0.49–2.78) |
|
| ||||||
| Know someone infected | 1.48 (0.77–2.84) | -- | 1.39 (0.68–2.82) | -- | 1.23 (0.56–2.70) | -- |
|
| ||||||
| Resource Context | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Income loss | 1.26 (0.70–2.29) | 1.10 (0.56–2.15) | 1.20 (0.63–2.31) | 1.21 (0.59–2.47) | 2.70 (1.27–5.70) | 2.34 (1.06–5.17) |
|
| ||||||
| Caregiving strain | 1.88 (0.99–3.58) | 1.90 (0.96–3.76) | 0.64 (0.30–1.36) | 2.42 (1.11–5.27) | 0.41 (0.19–0.87) | 1.71 (0.79–3.74) |
|
| ||||||
| Less time around others | 9.91 (1.41–69.54) | 5.25 (0.78–35.21) | 2.28 (0.46–11.24) | 1.47 (0.33–6.58) | xx | xx |
|
| ||||||
| Childcare support | 0.72 (0.35–1.46) | 1.02 (0.47–2.22) | 0.64 (0.30–1.36) | 0.97 (0.38–2.45) | 0.41 (0.19–0.87) | 0.62 (0.29–1.34) |
|
| ||||||
| Emotional support | 0.33 (0.14–0.77) | 0.36 (0.14–0.92) | 0.21 (0.08–0.51) | 0.20 (0.07–0.58) | 0.24 (0.09–0.64) | 0.29 (0.11–0.78) |
Bold : p≤0.05
---:
not included in the model
xx:
omitted