Table 4:

Women’s Concerns about Family Stress: Employment,Work Arrangements, and Financial Worries, Ordered Probit

	All Observations			Employed
Characteristics	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Employment status
Employed, absent, not COVID-19	0.289
	(0.196)
Employed, absent, COVID-19	0.100
	(0.112)
Not employed	0.091
	(0.085)
Work from home
Work location changed to home		0.006		−0.009		0.038
		(0.113)		(0.114)		(0.109)
Work location remains at home		−0.041		−0.117		−0.102
		(0.143)		(0.142)		(0.142)
Absent from work		0.141		−0.001		0.131
		(0.121)		(0.127)		(0.120)
Ability to meet financial obligations
Major impact			0.555***	0.564***
			(0.121)	(0.125)
Moderate impact			0.452***	0.453***
			(0.109)	(0.1 11)
Minor impact			0.234**	0.239**
			(0.110)	(0.1 11)
Too soon to tell			0.300***	0.303***
			(0.095)	(0.097)
Might lose job
Strongly agree					0.264*	0.230*
					(0.136)	(0.135)
Agree					0.215	0.209
					(0.144)	(0.145)
Neither agree nor disagree					0.300**	0.308**
					(0.141)	(0.141)
Disagree					0.146	0.165
					(0.122)	(0.123)
No. of observations	2,433	2,433	2,433	2,433	1,448	1,448
Pseudo-R2	0.025	0.025	0.036	0.037	0.020	0.021
Individual controls	X	X	X	X	X	X

Notes: Dependent variable: family stress resulting from confinement.All regressions are estimated using an ordered probit with robust standard errors and weights applied.All observations are women. Columns 1–4 are all observations; columns 5–6 are the subsample who are employed. The dependent variable asks individuals about their concern about the impact of COVID-19 on family stress due to confinement.The dependent variable takes on the values 1 (not at all), 2 (somewhat), 3 (very), and 4 (eXtremely).All columns include dummies for age, marital status, whether the dwelling has a child aged < 18 y residing in it, and highest education level attained by the respondent. Each independent variable of interest also contains a “not stated” category that was controlled for (not shown). Column 1 appends the controls with a categorical variable describing the employment status of the respondent.The base category is “employed.” Column 2 appends the controls with a categorical variable describing whether the location of where the respondent worked has changed.The base category is “work location remains outside the home.” Column 3 appends the controls with a categorical variable describing whether COVID-19 had an impact on the respondent’s ability to meet financial obligations or essential needs.The base category is “no impact.” Column 4 appends the controls with the work from home and ability to meet financial obligations variables. Column 5 appends the controls with a categorical variable describing whether respondents feel they will lose their main job or main self-employment income in the neXt 4 weeks.The base category is “strongly disagree.” Observations are fewer because we omit those who are not valid. Column 6 appends the controls with the work from home and might lose job variables. COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.

^*p = 0.1;

^**p = 0.05;

^***p = 0.01.

Source:Authors’ calculations; data from the Canadian Perspective Survey Series.