Table 6:
Women’s Concerns about Violence in the Home: Employment, Work Arrangements, and Financial Worries, Ordered Probit
| All Observations |
Employed |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Employed, absent, not COVID-19 | −0.148 | |||||
| (0.194) | ||||||
| Employed, absent, COVID-19 | 0.071 | |||||
| (0.170) | ||||||
| Not employed | −0.041 | |||||
| (0.112) | ||||||
| Work from home | ||||||
| Work location changed to home | −0.057 | −0.052 | −0.043 | |||
| (0.148) | (0.152) | (0.147) | ||||
| Work location remains at home | −0.0350 | −0.082 | −0.036 | |||
| (0.198) | (0.201) | (0.191) | ||||
| Absent from work | 0.010 | −0.081 | 0.036 | |||
| (0.164) | (0.160) | (0.170) | ||||
| Ability to meet financial obligations | ||||||
| Major impact | 0.331** | 0.348** | ||||
| (0.161) | (0.163) | |||||
| Moderate impact | 0.189 | 0.198 | ||||
| (0.146) | (0.147) | |||||
| Minor impact | 0.049 | 0.055 | ||||
| (0.146) | (0.143) | |||||
| Too soon to tell | 0.045 | 0.051 | ||||
| (0.125) | (0.126) | |||||
| Might lose job | ||||||
| Strongly agree | −0.122 | −0.208 | ||||
| (0.154) | (0.160) | |||||
| Agree | 0.068 | 0.0570 | ||||
| (0.168) | (0.168) | |||||
| Neither agree nor disagree | −0.016 | −0.002 | ||||
| (0.219) | (0.218) | |||||
| Disagree | −0.240 | −0.218 | ||||
| (0.160) | (0.158) | |||||
| No. of observations | 2,429 | 2,429 | 2,429 | 2,429 | 1,446 | 1,446 |
| Pseudo-R2 | 0.011 | 0.010 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.018 | 0.025 |
| Individual controls | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Notes: Dependent variable: violence in the home.All regressions are estimated using an ordered probit with robust standard errors and weights applied.All observations are women. Columns 1–4 are all observations, and columns 5–6 are only the subsample who are employed.The dependent variable asks individuals about their concern about the impact of COVID-19 on violence in the home.The dependent variable takes on the values 1 (not at all), 2 (somewhat), 3 (very), and 4 (extremely).All columns include dummies for age, marital status, whether the dwelling has a child aged < 18 y residing in it, and highest education level attained by the respondent. Each independent variable of interest also contains a “not stated” category that was controlled for (not shown). Column 1 appends the controls with a categorical variable describing the employment status of the respondent.The base category is “employed.” Column 2 appends the controls with a categorical variable describing whether the location of where the respondent worked has changed.The base category is “work location remains outside the home.” Column 3 appends the controls with a categorical variable describing whether COVID-19 had an impact on the respondent’s ability to meet financial obligations or essential needs.The base category is “no impact.” Column 4 appends the controls with the work from home and ability to meet financial obligations variables. Column 5 appends the controls with a categorical variable describing whether respondents feel they will lose their main job or main self-employment income in the next 4 weeks.The base category is “strongly disagree.” Observations are fewer because we omit those who are not valid. Column 6 appends the controls with the work from home and might lose job variables. COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.
p = 0.05
Source:Authors’ calculations; data from the Canadian Perspective Survey Series.