Table 5.

Textural features.

Attributes	Attribute description	Values	Normalized values
Mean	Mean value is the sum of pixel values divided by the total number of pixel values.	1.583 cm	0.115566
Standard deviation	The standard deviation of gray-scale values, ϵ is the estimate of the mean square deviation of the grey pixel value v(x, y) from its mean volume. It describes dispersion within a local region.	1.213 cm	0.249035 cm
Shannon entropy	The Shannon entropy can measure the uncertainty of a random process.	0.0972 cm	0.201357 cm
GLCM entropy	A gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is a histogram of co-occurring grayscale values at a given offset over an image.	1.1172 cm	0.1649 cm
Skewness	Skewness is a measure of symmetry, or more precisely, the lack of symmetry. A distribution, or data set, is symmetric if it looks the same to the left and right of the center point.	0.0613 cm	0.7066 cm
Kurtosis	Kurtosis is a measure of whether the data are heavy-tailed or light-tailed relative to a normal distribution.	0.2733 cm	0.3564 cm