Table 1.
Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Patients Receiving or Not Receiving NRICM101, before and after Propensity Score Matching.
| Characteristics | All Patients (N = 345) |
Unmatched Patients |
Propensity Score-Matched Patients |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NRICM101 +Usual Care （N = 164） |
Usual Care （N = 181） |
NRICM101 +Usual Care （N = 151） |
Usual Care （N = 151） |
|||||||||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 50.41 ± 16.48 | 49.70 ± 15.52 | 51.05 ± 17.32 | 49.43 ± 15.55 | 49.25 ± 16.95 | |||||||
| Age60 — no. (%) | 114 | (33.0) | 50 | (30.3) | 64 | (32.6) | 46 | (30.5) | 41 | (29.1) | ||
| BMI — no. (%) | ||||||||||||
| BMI | 291 | (84.3) | 145 | (88.4) | 146 | (80.7) | 143 | (94.7) | 141 | (93.4) | ||
| BMI | 25 | (7.2) | 11 | (6.7) | 14 | (7.7) | 8 | (5.3) | 10 | (6.6) | ||
| BMI missing | 29 | (8.4) | 8 | (4.9) | 21 | (11.6) | – | – | ||||
| Male sex — no. (%) | 171 | (49.6) | 87 | (53.0) | 84 | (46.4) | 80 | (53.0) | 81 | (53.6) | ||
| Smoking — no. (%) | 58 | (16.8) | 27 | (16.5) | 31 | (17.1) | 25 | (16.6) | 26 | (17.2) | ||
| Drinking — no. (%) | 49 | (14.2) | 28 | (17.1) | 21 | (11.6) | 25 | (16.6) | 20 | (13.2) | ||
| Comorbidity — no. (%) | ||||||||||||
| Chronic heart disease | 85 | (24.6) | 40 | (24.4) | 45 | (24.9) | 33 | (21.9) | 39 | (25.8) | ||
| Diabetes | 39 | (11.3) | 16 | (9.8) | 23 | (12.7) | 15 | (9.9) | 14 | (9.3) | ||
| Hyperlipidemia | 25 | (7.2) | 12 | (7.3) | 13 | (7.2) | 12 | (7.9) | 10 | (6.6) | ||
| Thyroid disease | 8 | (2.3) | 4 | (2.4) | 4 | (2.2) | 4 | (2.6) | 1 | (0.7) | ||
| Chronic liver disease | 13 | (3.8) | 7 | (4.3) | 6 | (3.3) | 7 | (4.6) | 5 | (3.3) | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 12 | (3.5) | 5 | (3.0) | 7 | (3.9) | 5 | (3.3) | 7 | (4.6) | ||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 10 | (2.9) | 4 | (2.4) | 6 | (3.3) | 4 | (2.6) | 2 | (1.3) | ||
| Cancer | 15 | (4.3) | 7 | (4.3) | 8 | (4.4) | 7 | (4.6) | 8 | (5.3) | ||
| Stroke | 4 | (1.2) | 4 | (2.4) | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (2.6) | 0 | (0.0) | ||
| Others | 58 | (16.8) | 28 | (17.1) | 32 | (16.6) | 23 | (15.2) | 22 | (14.6) | ||
| Medications | ||||||||||||
| Remdesivir | 11 | (3.2) | 8 | (4.9) | 3 | (1.7) | 8 | (5.3) | 2 | (1.3) | ||
| Dexamethasone/Glucocorticoid | 71 | (20.6) | 37 | (22.6) | 34 | (18.8) | 35 | (23.2) | 25 | (16.6) | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 2 | (0.6) | 2 | (1.2) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (2.0) | 0 | (0.0) | ||
| Azithromycin | 14 | (4.1) | 4 | (2.4) | 11 | (5.5) | 3 | (2.0) | 8 | (5.3) | ||
| Other antibiotic agent | 100 | (29.0) | 40 | (24.2) | 60 | (33.1) | 36 | (23.8) | 46 | (30.5) | ||
| Tocilizumab/Sarilumab | 2 | (0.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (1.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (1.3) | ||
| Lopinavir/Darunavir | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (0.7) | 0 | (0.0) | ||
| WHO Clinical Progression Scale score | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 25 | (7.2) | 7 | (4.3) | 18 | (9.9) | 6 | (4.0) | 15 | (9.9) | ||
| 2 | 139 | (40.3) | 75 | (45.7) | 64 | (35.4) | 71 | (47.0) | 56 | (37.1) | ||
| 3 | 7 | (2.0) | 4 | (2.4) | 3 | (1.7) | 3 | (2.0) | 3 | (2.0) | ||
| 4 | 174 | (50.4) | 78 | (47.6) | 96 | (53.0) | 71 | (47.0) | 77 | (51.0) | ||
| Initial vital signs — mean (SD) | ||||||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure — mmHg | 131.62 | (18.63) | 131.87 | (17.83) | 131.39 | (19.38) | 131.94 | (17.62) | 128.81 | (17.61) | ||
| Respiratory Rate — breaths/min | 18.35 | (1.86) | 18.17 | (1.32) | 18.51 | (2.23) | 18.19 | (1.29) | 18.40 | (2.32) | ||
| Temperature —℃ | 37.34 | (1.01) | 37.35 | (0.99) | 37.32 | (1.03) | 37.37 | (1.01) | 37.31 | (1.06) | ||
| AST — U/L | 34.98 | (41.08) | 34.70 | (35.41) | 35.24 | (45.79) | 35.1 | 0(34.19) | 36.10 | (46.07) | ||
| ALT — U/L | 31.20 | (28.51) | 33.31 | (30.57) | 29.24 | (26.41) | 34.28 | (30.77) | 30.41 | (27.3) | ||
| Creatinine — mg/dL | 1.06 | (1.45) | 0.95 | (0.97) | 1.16 | (1.77) | 0.96 | (0.95) | 1.29 | (2.07) | ||
| CRP — mg/dL | 2.36 | (3.83) | 2.11 | (3.31) | 2.59 | (4.25) | 1.94 | (3.19) | 2.71 | (4.39) | ||
| LDH — U/L | 254.84 | (193.95) | 243.54 | (114.59) | 263.54 | (238.09) | 225.32 | (96.7) | 260.07 | (252.03) | ||
| Lymphocytes — % | 23.57 | (10.62) | 23.00 | (10.70) | 24.10 | (10.56) | 23.11 | (11.12) | 23.21 | (10.2) | ||
| Neutrophils — % | 66.39 | (12.76) | 66.65 | (13.22) | 66.14 | (12.35) | 66.70 | (13.52) | 67.08 | (12.01) | ||
| Intervention | ||||||||||||
| No. of days from admission to start NRICM101 (Median (IQR)) | – | – | 2 | (4) | – | 2 | (4) | – | ||||
| No. of days receiving NRICM101 (Median (IQR)) | – | – | 7 | (6) | – | 8 | (6) | – | ||||
| Outcome | ||||||||||||
| Intubation or ICU admission - no(%) | 14 | (4.06) | 0 | (0.0) | 14 | (7.73) | 0 | (0.0) | 14 | (9.27) | ||
ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CRP: creatinine, C-reactive protein; IC: intensive care unit; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; SD: standard deviation; WHO: World Health Organization.