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. 2022 Aug 22;7:292. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01116-6

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Systemic effects physical activity and associated local effects of exercise on the local tumor environment. Various modalities of exercise cause the release of epinephrine, which has a mobilizing effect on T cells and NK cells via adrenergic receptors. Myokines then activate and direct immune cells into the tumor, which can support therapy using checkpoint inhibitors (created by BioRender)