Table 4.
The description of each category in direct costs.
| Cost | Description | Unit | Price | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw materials costs (CRM) | Price of the G. procumbens sample | RM/kg | 70 | HERBagus Trading, Malaysia |
| Transportation and sample preparation costs | – | – | – | |
| Price of ethanol | RM/bottle(2.5 l) | 86 | BT Science Sdn Bhd | |
| Price of CO2 | RM/cylinder (30 kg) | 224 | Alpha Gas Solution Sdn. Bhd | |
| Utilities cost (CUT) |
Electricity CO2 pump Co-solvent pump Back-pressure regulator Oven Chiller Lamp, fan and air-conditioning unit |
sen/kWh | 0.365 | Tenaga Nasional Berhad |
| Labour cost (COL) |
One operator Graduate research assistant (GRA) |
RM/month | 1800 | Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia |