Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics according to the biomarker findings.
| Variables | Group 0 (Aβ−) (n = 129) | Group 1 (Aβ+ APOE4+) (n = 27) | Group 2 (Aβ+ APOE4−) (n = 29) | P value | Post-hoc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 72.70 ± 9.81 | 75.04 ± 7.19 | 82.14 ± 5.89 | < 0.001* | 2 > 1 = 0 |
| Female n, % | 74 (57.36%) | 17 (62.96%) | 18 (62.07%) | 0.806 | |
| Education, yrs | 16.45 ± 3.21 | 16.11 ± 3.92 | 15.28 ± 3.83 | 0.247 | 1 = 2 = 0 |
| APOE4 allele, 0/1/2, n (%) | 87/24/4 (75.7/20.9/3.5) | 0/24/3 (0/88.9/11.1) | 29/0/0 (100/0/0) | < 0.001* | |
| Global SUVR, amyloid | 0.975 ± 0.057 | 1.280 ± 0.165 | 1.298 ± 0.172 | < 0.001* | 1 = 2 > 0 |
| Global SUVR, tau | 1.040 ± 0.073 | 1.066 ± 0.066 | 1.076 ± 0.078 | 0.028* | 1 = 2 = 0 |
| CSF Aβ42 | 1520.54 ± 695.06 | 691.94 ± 188.56 | 1017.52 ± 550.63 | < 0.001* | 1 = 2 < 0 |
| CSF Aβ40 | 18,686.22 ± 5485.07 | 18,593.75 ± 5202.44 | 19,971.25 ± 5111.82 | 0.451 | 1 = 2 = 0 |
| CSF p tau 181 | 18.24 ± 6.84 | 27.16 ± 10.09 | 27.61 ± 12.43 | < 0.001* | 1 = 2 > 0 |
| CSF t tau | 214.79 ± 67.62 | 290.33 ± 93.81 | 294.88 ± 103.64 | < 0.001* | 1 = 2 > 0 |
| MMSE score | 28.87 ± 2.81 | 28.74 ± 1.72 | 28.55 ± 1.43 | 0.821 | 1 = 2 = 0 |
| MOCA score | 25.74 ± 4.38 | 24.59 ± 5.81 | 25.24 ± 2.50 | 0.445 | 1 = 2 = 0 |
| ADAS-cog 13 | 12.53 ± 4.83 | 12.93 ± 5.70 | 15.44 ± 5.41 | 0.045* | 2 > 0 = 1 |
| ADAS-Q1 immediate recall | 2.79 ± 1.25 | 2.67 ± 1.43 | 3.33 ± 1.34 | 0.089 | 1 = 2 = 0 |
| ADAS-Q3 visuospatial | 0.34 ± 0.52 | 0.30 ± 0.54 | 0.48 ± 0.51 | 0.342 | 1 = 2 = 0 |
| ADAS-Q4 delayed recall | 2.69 ± 2.03 | 2.37 ± 1.90 | 3.41 ± 2.47 | 0.144 | 1 = 2 = 0 |
| ADAS-Q5 naming | 0.05 ± 0.28 | 0.04 ± 0.19 | 0.07 ± 0.26 | 0.889 | 1 = 2 = 0 |
| ADAS-Q8 recognition | 5.58 ± 1.53 | 5.52 ± 1.91 | 5.93 ± 1.53 | 0.527 | 1 = 2 = 0 |
| FAQ_total | 0.23 ± 1.39 | 0.19 ± 0.56 | 1.79 ± 5.15 | 0.005* | 2 > 0 = 1 |
| RAVLT_forgetting (trial 5-delayed) | 1.40 ± 2.31 | 2.15 ± 3.01 | 3.17 ± 3.06 | 0.003* | 1 = 2 > 0 |
| RAVLT_immediate recall | 18.74 ± 23.48 | 16.26 ± 22.43 | 32.07 ± 18.79 | 0.011* | 2 > 0 = 1 |
| RAVLT_learning | 2.20 ± 3.08 | 2.52 ± 3.59 | 3.83 ± 2.90 | 0.044* | 1 = 2 > 0 = 1 |
| NPI_total | 1.24 ± 2.92 | 1.89 ± 4.59 | 1.48 ± 3.42 | 0.636 | 1 = 2 = 0 |
| CCI_total | 27.83 ± 7.29 | 29.41 ± 8.22 | 27.33 ± 6.12 | 0.753 | 1 = 2 = 3 |
Aβ amyloid β-positive, APOE apolipoprotein epsilon, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, SUVR standardized uptake value ratio, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MOCA Montreal cognitive assessment, ADAS-cog Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale, FAQ functional activities questionnaire, RAVLT Rey auditory verbal learning test, NPI neuropsychiatric inventory, CCI cognitive change index.
Mean ± SD. *p ≤ 0.05.