Table 1.

Descriptive statistics

	Year	All	Specialization			Ownership
			Low	Med	High	Non-profit	Private for-profit	Public
Sample characteristics
Number of stroke hospitals
All	2006	947	315	316	316	450	134	363
	2010	947	315	316	316	447	150	350
Non-profit	Both	897	191	362	344	–	–	–
Private for-profit	Both	284	71	71	142	–	–	–
Public	Both	713	368	199	146	–	–	–
Number of total cases per hospital	2006	12,510	18,789	11,530	7231	10,320	10,199	16,079
	2010	13,768	20,660	12,665	8001	11,303	11,003	18,102
Number of stroke cases per hospital	2006	183.9	283.3	141.3	127.4	132.5	175.9	250.5
	2010	212.2	336.1	155.7	145.4	140.9	190.6	312.6
Hospital quality
30 days standardized mortality rate	2006	1.09	1.15	1.13	0.99	1.13	0.99	1.08
	2010	1.04	1.09	1.13	0.91	0.99	1.06	1.10
Competition measure for 15 km
Actual HHI: ${\mathrm{HHI}}_{\mathit{it}}$	2006	0.48	0.56	0.46	0.43	0.38	0.55	0.57
	2010	0.52	0.60	0.51	0.46	0.43	0.57	0.61
Predicted HHI:${\widehat{\mathrm{HHI}}}_{\mathit{it}}$	2006	0.39	0.47	0.37	0.34	0.30	0.47	0.48
	2010	0.40	0.48	0.37	0.33	0.31	0.46	0.48
Number of hospitals in a market:${\#\mathrm{hosp}}_{\mathit{it}}$	2006	7.8	5.9	8.2	9.4	10.1	6.2	5.7
	2010	8.0	6.0	8.4	9.6	10.4	6.4	5.8
Control variables
Beds (50–150)	Both	0.21	0.04	0.20	0.39	0.21	0.34	0.16
Beds (151–300)	Both	0.33	0.27	0.41	0.31	0.38	0.28	0.28
Beds (301–600)	Both	0.33	0.44	0.30	0.24	0.35	0.27	0.32
Beds (> 600)	Both	0.13	0.24	0.09	0.06	0.05	0.11	0.23
Log(mortality)	Both	2.32	2.33	2.30	2.32	2.32	2.33	2.30
Log(age)	Both	3.66	3.67	3.66	3.67	3.66	3.67	3.66
Log(unemployment)	Both	2.09	2.08	2.08	2.12	2.19	2.07	1.97
Log(GDP)	Both	3.40	3.37	3.40	3.42	3.41	3.31	3.41