Table 2.
Characteristics of the participants according to the subgroups following the AWGS algorithm.
| Normal muscle mass and function group, n = 858 (36.4%) | With low muscle massa, without low muscle functionb group, n = 170 (7.2%) | With low muscle functionb, without low muscle massa group, n = 917 (39.0%) | Sarcopenia group, n = 409 (17.4%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban residence | 783 (91.3%) | 157 (92.4%) | 760 (82.9%) | 330 (80.7%) |
| Sex, female | 536 (62.5%) | 114 (67.1%) | 663 (72.3%) | 277 (67.7%) |
| Age, years | 73.8 ± 3.8 | 75.0 ± 4.0 | 75.3 ± 4.2 | 77.3 ± 4.5 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), male | 24.9 ± 2.3 | 21.1 ± 2.2 | 24.9 ± 2.4 | 21.5 ± 2.4 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), female | 25.1 ± 2.8 | 21.6 ± 2.0 | 25.6 ± 3.0 | 22.3 ± 2.7 |
| Marital status, married | 726 (84.6%) | 131 (77.1%) | 680 (74.2%) | 304 (74.3%) |
| Education level | ||||
| Elementary school or below | 325 (37.9%) | 56 (32.9%) | 511 (55.7%) | 239 (58.4%) |
| Middle school | 165 (19.2%) | 36 (21.2%) | 156 (17.0%) | 65 (15.9%) |
| High school or above | 368 (42.9%) | 78 (45.9%) | 250 (27.3%) | 105 (25.7%) |
| Income (100,000 Korean won/month) | 19.4 ± 18.0 | 19.6 ± 22.3 | 14.6 ± 15.3 | 12.6 ± 12.8 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 30 (3.5%) | 11 (6.5%) | 33 (3.6%) | 25 (6.1%) |
| Ex-smoker | 193 (22.5%) | 32 (18.8%) | 152 (16.6%) | 82 (20.1%) |
| Never smoker | 635 (74.0%) | 127 (74.7%) | 732 (79.8%) | 301 (73.8%) |
| Hypertension | 522 (60.8%) | 74 (43.5%) | 565 (61.6%) | 218 (53.3%) |
| Diabetes | 166 (19.3%) | 29 (17.1%) | 251 (27.4%) | 107 (26.2%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 428 (49.9%) | 81 (47.6%) | 434 (47.3%) | 170 (41.6%) |
| Arthritis | 183 (21.3%) | 40 (23.5%) | 300 (32.7%) | 109 (26.7%) |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 41 (4.8%) | 9 (5.3%) | 63 (6.9%) | 36 (8.8%) |
| Angina or myocardial infarction | 187 (21.8%) | 28 (16.5%) | 216 (23.6%) | 97 (23.7%) |
| Malignancy | 98 (11.4%) | 16 (9.4%) | 102 (11.1%) | 45 (11.0%) |
| Regular exercise (≥ 150 min/week) | 561 (65.4%) | 118 (69.4%) | 464 (50.6%) | 180 (44.0%) |
| Appendicular limb mass/height2 (kg/m2), male | 7.82 ± 0.51 | 6.59 ± 0.42 | 7.66 ± 0.48 | 6.55 ± 0.36 |
| Appendicular limb mass/height2 (kg/m2), female | 6.40 ± 0.44 | 5.44 ± 0.23 | 6.35 ± 0.46 | 5.32 ± 0.38 |
| Hand grip strength (kg), male | 36.2 ± 4.9 | 32.9 ± 3.1 | 31.3 ± 6.7 | 27.9 ± 6.9 |
| Hand grip strength (kg), female | 23.1 ± 3.1 | 21.7 ± 2.5 | 19.4 ± 4.6 | 16.4 ± 4.0 |
| 5-chair stand test, seconds | 9.5 ± 1.5 | 9.4 ± 1.7 | 14.7 ± 4.4 | 12.5 ± 4.5 |
Values are presented as numbers (% of total) or mean ± standard deviations.
aAppendicular lean mass/height2 < 5.7 kg/m2 in female and appendicular lean mass/height2 < 7 kg/m2 in male.
bHandgrip strength < 18 kg in female and < 28 kg in male and/or 5-time chair standing test > 12 s.