Table 3.
Relationship between covariates and low muscle mass, low muscle function, and sarcopenia from the respective multivariate logistic regression analyses.
| Variables | Low muscle massa | Low muscle functionb | Sarcopeniac | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Rural residence | 0.58 (0.22–1.54) | 0.271 | 1.63 (1.13–2.37) | 0.009 | 1.13 (0.63–2.00) | 0.683 |
| Age, years | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) | < 0.001 | 1.10 (1.07–1.13) | < 0.001 | 1.22 (1.17–1.27) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, female | 1.19 (0.58–2.45) | 0.641 | 1.32 (0.93–1.89) | 0.122 | 1.48 (0.82–2.68) | 0.194 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.49 (0.44–0.55) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 0.270 | 0.57 (0.52–0.62) | < 0.001 |
| Education level | ||||||
| Elementary school or below | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | |
| Middle school | 1.14 (0.63–2.08) | 0.659 | 0.77 (0.58–1.03) | 0.074 | 0.69 (0.44–1.10) | 0.115 |
| High school or above | 0.75 (0.44–1.28) | 0.294 | 0.63 (0.49–0.81) | < 0.001 | 0.48 (0.32–0.73) | 0.001 |
| Income (100,000 Korean won/month) | 1.02 (0.90–1.15) | 0.793 | 0.95 (0.88–1.01) | 0.116 | 0.87 (0.76–0.99) | 0.038 |
| Diabetes | 0.93 (0.53–1.64) | 0.812 | 1.45 (1.12–1.86) | 0.004 | 1.55 (1.05–2.28) | 0.028 |
| Arthritis | 1.24 (0.73–2.11) | 0.426 | 1.54 (1.20–1.96) | 0.001 | 1.44 (0.96–2.14) | 0.076 |
| Regular exercise | 1.19 (0.73–1.92) | 0.488 | 0.74 (0.59–0.92) | 0.007 | 0.43 (0.30–0.61) | < 0.001 |
Following covariates were included in the logistic regression model: regional difference, age, sex, body mass index, education level, marital status, monthly income, smoking status, regular physical activity, and past medical history (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, arthritis, cerebrovascular accident, angina or myocardial infarction, and malignancy).
OR odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval.
aFollowing participants are included in the analysis: normal muscle mass and function group and low muscle mass group. Appendicular lean mass/height2 < 5.7 kg/m2 in female and appendicular lean mass/height2 < 7 kg/m2 in male.
bFollowing participants are included in the analysis: normal muscle mass and function group and low muscle function group. Handgrip strength < 18 kg in female and < 28 kg in male and/or 5-time chair standing test > 12 s.
cFollowing participants are included in the analysis: normal muscle mass and function group and sarcopenia group.