Table 2.
Genes and their involvement in root growth and development
| Gene | Function | References |
|---|---|---|
| DRO1 | Regulating the root growth angle | Uga et al. (2013), Singh et al. (2021) and Kitomi et al. (2020) |
| OsARF12 | Controlling PR length | Qi et al. (2012) |
| OsEXPA8 | Lengthening PR, boosting LRs and root hair counts | Ma et al. (2013) |
| OsEXPB2 | Modulating RSA and plant height by inhibiting cell growth | Zou et al. (2015) |
| OsWOX4 | Primary root elongation by regulating auxin transport | Chen et al. (2020) |
| OsMYB2P-1 | Regulation of root development under both phosphate sufficient and deficient conditions | Dai et al. (2012) |
| OsMYB4P | Regulation root development under phosphate deficient conditions | Yang et al. (2014) |
| OsRPK1 | Negatively controls the development of rice roots | Zou et al. (2014) |
| SOR1 | Modify RSA by altering gravitropic root response | Hanzawa et al. (2013) |
| OsARF16 | RSA modification by regulating auxin transport | Shen et al. (2015) |
| OsSIZ1 | RSA manipulation | Wang et al. (2015) |
| OsWRKYP74 | RSA modification | Dai et al. (2016) |
| OsRab6a | The architecture of the root system in response to Fe-deficient medium | Yang and Zhang (2016) |
| OSPIN2 | Root gravitropic response by affecting polar auxin transport at the root tip | Wang et al. (2018a) |
| RCc3 | Expanded growth of PR, adventitious and LRs | Li et al. (2018a) |
| OsWRKY28 | Influenced the root growth at the seedling stage | Wang et al. (2018b) |
| OsACS1 and OsACS2 | Controlling the modification of RSA | Lee et al. (2019) |
| OsJAZ9 | JA-mediated modulation of RSA | Singh et al. (2020) |
| OsGrx_C7 | Improving root growth in response to arsenic | Verma et al. (2020) |
| WEG1 | Increasing number, length and thickness of LRs | Lucob‐Agustin et al. (2020) |
| qSOR1 | Shallower root growth angle | Kitomi et al. (2020) |
| qRDWN6XB | Improving RSA under low nitrogen availability | Anis et al. (2019) |
| OsMED25 | JA-mediated root development | Suzuki et al. (2021) |
| OsEIL1 | Inhibition of primary root growth by activation of auxin, ABA biosynthesis and GA catabolism | Kin et al. (2022) |
| OsHDAC1 | OsHDAC1-GSK2/OsBZR1 module controls LR formation in rice | Hou et al. (2022) |
| OUR1/OsbZIP1 | Promoting root development through repressing auxin signaling | Hasegawa et al. (2021) |
| OsMED25 | JA-mediated root development | Suzuki et al. (2021) |
| OsFPFL4 | Modulating the root by affecting auxin and ROS homeostasis | Guo et al. (2020) |
| MHZ1/OsHK1 | Root growth regulation by inhibiting the ethylene receptors | Zhao et al. (2020) |
| OsZHD2 | Promotes root meristem activity in rice by inducing ethylene biosynthesis | Yoon et al. (2020) |
| MAL | Maintaining cell viability in the meristem after the initiation of root primordial formation, mediated by cytokinin signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) | Jiang et al. (2020) |
| OsVST1 | Influence meristem size through broad modulation of cell–cell communication or through specific signaling complexes | Shao et al. (2021) |
| CIPK9 | NH4+ dependent root growth | Xuan et al. (2019) |
| OsMADS57 | Modulating root growth by regulating nitrate translocation from root to shoot | Huang et al. (2019) |
| LAZY1 | Controlling shoot gravitropism and tiller angle by regulating the expression of auxin transporters | Zhu et al. (2020) |
| OsNAC2 | Modulating rice root development by integrating auxin and cytokinin pathways | Chanjuan et al. (2020), Mao et al. (2020) |
| WOX11 | YUCCA-Auxin-WOX11 module controls CR development in rice | Zhang et al. (2018a, b) |
| OsMADS25 | Regulating root system development via auxin signaling in rice | Zhang et al. (2018a, b) |
| OsAUX1 | Auxin influx carriers involved in primary root and root hair elongation | Yu et al. (2015) and Wang et al. (2019) |